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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 21, Pharmacology, Vocabulary, Classes of Drugs & Related Terms > Flashcards

Chap 21, Pharmacology, Vocabulary, Classes of Drugs & Related Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a powerful vasoconstrictor).

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2
Q

amphetamine

A

Central nervous system stimulant.

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3
Q

analgesic

A

Relieves pain.

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4
Q

androgen

A

Male hormone.

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5
Q

anesthetic

A

Reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.

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6
Q

angiotensin II receptor blocker

A

Lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

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7
Q

antacid

A

Neutralizes acid in the stomach.

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8
Q

antiandrogen

A

Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.

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9
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

Treats abnormal heart rhythms.

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10
Q

antibiotic

A

Chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body. Examples are antifungals, cephalosporins, erythromycin, tetracycline, antituberculars, penicillins, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

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11
Q

anticoagulant

A

Prevents blood clotting.

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12
Q

anticonvulsant

A

Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity).

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13
Q

antidepressant

A

Relieves symptoms of depression.

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14
Q

antidiabetic

A

Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.

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15
Q

antidiarrheal

A

Prevents diarrhea.

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16
Q

antiemetic

A

Prevents nausea and vomiting; antinauseant.

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17
Q

antihistamine

A

Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.

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18
Q

antinauseant

A

Relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.

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19
Q

antiplatelet

A

Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.

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20
Q

antiulcer

A

Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

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21
Q

antiviral

A

Acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.

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22
Q

aromatase inhibitor

A

Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.

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23
Q

bactericidal

A

Kills bacteria (-cidal means able to kill).

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24
Q

bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits bacterial growth (-static means stopping or controlling).

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25
Q

beta-blocker

A

Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.

26
Q

bisphosphonate

A

Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis.

27
Q

caffeine

A

Central nervous system stimulant (found in coffee and tea).

28
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

Block the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; also call calcium antagonist.

29
Q

calcium antagonist.

A

Block the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; also called calcium channel blocker.

30
Q

cardiac glycoside

A

Increases the force of contraction of the heart.

31
Q

cardiovascular drug

A

Acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.

32
Q

cathartic

A

Relieves constipation.

33
Q

cholesterol-binding drug

A

Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract.

34
Q

cholesterol-lowering drug

A

Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin.

35
Q

diuretic

A

Increases the production of uring and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.

36
Q

emetic

A

Promotes vomiting.

37
Q

endocrine drug

A

A hormone or hormone-like drug. Examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids.

38
Q

estrogen

A

Female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

39
Q

gastrointestinal drug

A

Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. Examples are antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives, and antinauseants (antiemetics).

40
Q

glucocorticoid

A

Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation.

41
Q

hypnotic

A

Produces sleep or a trance-like state.

42
Q

laxative

A

Weak cathartic.

43
Q

narcotic

A

Habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples.

44
Q

progestin

A

Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.

45
Q

purgative

A

Relieves constipation; strong cathartic.

46
Q

respiratory drug

A

Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. Bronchodilators are examples.

47
Q

sedative

A

A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep. Benzodiazepines are examples.

48
Q

stimulant

A

Excites and promotes activity. Caffeine and amphetamines are examples.

49
Q

thyroid hormone

A

Stimulates cellular metabolism.

50
Q

tranquilizer

A

Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.

51
Q

Barbiturates & benzodiazepines

A

are the two major categories of sedative-hypnotics.

52
Q

phenothiazines

A

Major tranquilizer controls more severe disturbances of behavior.

53
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Recent additions to the anti-inflammatory therapy of asthma. They prevent asthma attacks by blocking leukotriene (a bronchoconstrictor) from binding to receptors in respiratory tissues.

54
Q

Steroid drugs

A

are inhaled or given intravenously and orally to reduce chronic inflammation in respiratory passageways.

55
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Open bronchial tubes and are administered by injection or aerosol inhalers.

56
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

57
Q

Anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) drugs

A

Used to treat autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s. These drugs are also used against rheumatoid arthritis.

58
Q

Calcitonin

A

A thyroid hormone (PTH) has been approved for osteoporosis treatment. This agent stimulates new bone formation.

59
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMS)

A

Have estrogen-like effects on bone (increase in bone density) and on lipid metabolism (decrease in cholesterol levels). However, they lack estrogenic effects on uterus and breast tissue. SERMS are used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer.

60
Q

Anti-Alzheimer drugs

A

used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer disease, act by aiding brain neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) or shielding brain cells from glutamate, a neurotransmitter that at high levels contributes to death of brain cells.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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