BIO - TERMS - KETONE Flashcards
Acetals, R₂C(OR’)₂
A type of functional group consisting of two -OR groups bonded to the same carbon, R₂C(OR’)₂. Acetals are often used as protecting groups for ketones and aldehydes.
acetoacetate
A type of ketone body.
Acetoacetic ester synthesis
The syn thesis of a methyl ketone by alkylation of an alkyl halide with ethyl acetoacetate, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation.
acetone
A type of ketone body.
Aldol reaction
The carbonyl condensation reaction of an aldehyde or ketone to give a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
b-hydroxybutyrate
A type of ketone body.
Claisen rearrangement
The pericyclic conversion of an allyl phenyl ether to an ο-allylphenol or an allyl vinyl ether to γ,δ-unsaturated ketone by heating.
Cyanohydrins
A class of compounds with an -OH group and a -CN group bonded to the same carbon atom; formed by addition of HCN to an aldehyde or ketone.
Dess–Martin periodinane
An iodine-based reagent commonly used for the laboratory oxidation of a primary alcohol to an aldehyde or a secondary alcohol to a ketone.
Geminal
Referring to two groups attached to the same carbon atom. For example, the hydrate formed by nucleophilic addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone is a geminal diol.
Haloform reaction
The reaction of a methyl ketone with halogen and base to yield a haloform (CHX3) and a carboxylic acid.
Ketals
An alternative name for acetals derived from a ketone rather than an aldehyde and consisting of two -OR groups bonded to the same carbon, R2C(OR)2. Ketals are often used as protecting groups for ketones.
Ketogenesis
Synthesis of ketone bodies.
Nucleophilic addition reaction
A reaction in which a nucleophile adds to the electrophilic carbonyl group of a ketone or aldehyde to give an alcohol.
Reductive amination
A method for preparing an amine by reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with ammonia and a reducing agent.
