BIO - TERMS - ANTIBODY Flashcards
Adaptive response
Th e immune response consisting of antibody (humoral) and T lymphocyte-mediated responses; unlike the innate response, the adaptive response is tailored to the particular foreign invader; the adaptive response has memory: subsequent infections by the same agent are met with a robust and highly specifi c response. Also known as the acquired immune response. (Chapters 2 and 4)
alemtuzumab
Antibody to CD52 used for lymphocyte depletion, such as for T-cell depletion during bone marrow allografts used in treating chronic myeloid leukemia.
anti-human immune serum globulin (anti-HISG)
An antibody that reacts specifically with human antibodies.
antibody repertoire
The total variety of antibodies in the body of an individual.
antibody titer
The amount of antibody in serum.
antibody-mediated immunity
Immune response involving B-lymphocytes; involves release of antibodies from plasma cells
antitoxin
A specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin or its toxoid.
antivenin
Antibody raised against the venom of a poisonous snake or other organism and which can be used as an immediate treatment for the bite to neutralize the venom.
autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
An autoimmune disease in which antibodies against platelets are made. Antibody binding to platelets causes them to be taken up by cells with Fc receptors and complement receptors, resulting in a decrease in platelet count that leads to purpura (bleeding).
basiliximab
Antibody to human CD25 used to block IL-2 receptor signaling in T cells for treatment of rejection in renal transplantation.
C1 complex, C1
Protein complex activated as the first step in the classical pathway of complement activation, composed of C1q bound to two molecules each of the proteases C1r and C1s. Binding of a pathogen or antibody to C1q activates C1r, which cleaves and activates C1s, which cleaves C4 and C2.
CD40 ligand deficiency
An immunodeficiency disease in which little or no IgG, IgE, or IgA antibody is produced and even IgM responses are deficient, but serum IgM levels are normal to high. It is due to a defect in the gene encoding CD40 ligand (CD154), which prevents class switching from occurring. Also known as X-linked hyper IgM syndrome, reflecting location of gene that encodes CD40L on the X chromosome and phenotype of elevated IgM antibody relative to other immunoglobulins.
chimeric monoclonal antibody
A genetically engineered antibody made of human constant regions and mouse variable regions.
chromatin immunoprecipitation
Technique by which chromosomal DNA bound by a particular protein can be isolated and identified by precipitating it by means of an antibody against the protein.
common variable immunodeficiencies (CVIDs)
A relatively common deficiency in antibody production in which only one or a few isotypes are affected. It can be due to a variety of genetic defects.
daclizumab
Antibody to human CD25 used to block IL-2 receptor signaling in T cells for treatment of rejection in renal transplantation.
epitope tag
A protein sequence or domain bound by some well-characterized antibody.
fluorescent-antibody (FA) technique
A diagnostic tool using antibodies labeled with fluorochromes and viewed through a fluorescence microscope; also called immunofluorescence.
germline theory
An excluded hypothesis that antibody diversity was encoded by a separate germline gene for each antibody, known not to be true for most vertebrates, although cartilaginous fishes do have some rearranged V regions in the germline.
hapten carrier effect
Antibody production against a small chemical group, the hapten, following its attachment to a carrier protein for which an immune response has been generated.
heavy chain, H chain
One of the two types of protein chain in an immunoglobulin molecule, the other being called the light chain. There are several different classes, or isotypes, of heavy chain (α,δ, ε, γ, and μ), each of which confers a distinctive functional activity on the antibody molecule. Each immunoglobulin molecule contains two identical heavy chains.
