BIO - TERMS - GENERAL PT 1 Flashcards
-umab
Suffix applied to fully human monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
-ximab
Suffix applied to chimeric (i.e., mouse/human) monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
-zumab
Suffix applied to humanized monoclonal antibodies used for human therapies.
absolute density
The ratio between the effective work an athlete performs and the absolute volume (duration) of the training session.
acute
(ă-kyūt′) Takes place over a short period of time. Compare to chronic.
adrenaline
A catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from norepinephrine; also called epinephrine.
Aggrecan
A large, aggregating proteoglycan in cartilage.
Alicyclic
A nonaromatic cyclic hydrocarbon such as a cycloalkane or cycloalkene.
allylamines
Antifungal agents that interfere with sterol synthesis.
Amyloidogenic
Amyloid-forming.
angular momentum quantum number (l)
An integer that determines the shape of an orbital.
anterograde amnesia
The inability to form new memories.
anxiolytic drug
A medication that reduces anxiety; examples are benzodiazepines and SSRIs.
Apomixis
An asexual method of reproduction involving the production of unreduced (usually diploid) eggs, which then develop without fertilization.
arcuate
(ar′kū-āt) Having a shape that is arched or bowed.
articulation
(ar-tik-ū-lā′shŭn) Joint or connection between bones.
Atheromatous plaque
The defining lesion of atherosclerosis.
Autocatalytic reaction
A reaction catalyzed by a substrate without the involvement of any other catalytic agent.
axoplasm
(ak′sō-plazm) Cytoplasm within the axon.
Base peak
The most intense peak in a mass spectrum.
Betalains
Betacyanins and betaxanthins are referred to as betalains and have functionally replaced the anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. Their phylogenetic origin is still a matter of debate.
Binomial probability
The frequency associated with the occurrence of an outcome in an experiment that has only two possible outcomes, such as head or tail in coin tossing.
Biometry
Application of statistical methods to the study of biological problems.
Bohr effect
Decreased oxygen-binding affinity of hemoglobin at low pH.
brachial
(brā′kē-ăl) Relating to the region between the shoulder and the elbow.
broth dilution test
A method of determining the minimal inhibitory concentration by using serial dilutions of an antimicrobial drug.
CAM plants
Succulent plants of hot, dry climates, in which CO2 is fixed into oxaloacetate in the dark, then fixed by rubisco in the light when stomata close to exclude O2.
cardiac muscle
A type of striated muscle found only in the heart; it contracts rhythmically even in the absence of innervation.
CC chemokines
One of the two main classes of chemokines, distinguished by two adjacent cysteines (C) near the amino terminus. They have names
cercaria
A free-swimming larva of trematodes.
characteristic frequency
The sound frequency to which a neuron in the auditory system gives its greatest response.
chemically defined medium
A culture medium in which the exact chemical composition is known.
Choluric jaundice
Jaundice accompanied by the urinary excretion of bilirubin diglucuronide.
cis-trans position effect
The occurrence of different phenotypes when two mutations are present in cis- and trans-heterozygotes.
Codominant alleles
Alleles that produce independent effects when heterozygous.
Colloid osmotic pressure
The osmotic pressure of macromolecules.
community-acquired infection
Infection contracted outside the health care setting.
concrete
A mixture of Portland cement combined with sand and pebbles.
Consanguineous mating
A mating between relatives.
COPII-coated vesicles
Coated vesicles that transport material early in the secretory pathway, budding from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Coupling techniques
Also denoted as hyphenated techniques usually refers to online couplings of separation techniques with mass spectrometry. Most popular are couplings of liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS).
Critical material/process parameter
A material or process whose variability has an impact on a critical quality attribute, and which should therefore be monitored or controlled to ensure desired drug product quality.
cross-contamination
Transfer of pathogens from one fomite to another.
curd
The solid part of milk that separates from the liquid (whey) in the making of cheese, for example.
cysticercus
An encysted tapeworm larva.
decanting
A method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container.
Dehydrogenase reactions
Hydrogen transfer reactions. Dementia Loss of mental capacities.
dentition
(den-tish′ŭn) Natural teeth in the dental arch, considered collectively.
destructive interference
The interaction of waves from two sources that are aligned so that the crest of one overlaps the trough of the other, resulting in cancellation.
diarthrosis
(dı̄-ar-thrō′sis; pl., diarthroses, -sēz) A freely movable (synovial) joint.
dimensional analysis
The use of units as a guide to solving problems.
Discontinuous variation
Phenotypic variability involving distinct classes such as red versus white, tall versus dwarf (cf. Continuous variation).
diverticulum
(dı̄′ver-tik′yū-lŭm; pl., diverticula) A pouch or sac opening from a tubular or saccular organ, such as the gut or bladder; small bulge in the intestinal wall.
Downield
Referring to the left-hand portion of the NMR chart.
Early successional species
Species abundant mainly during early ecosystem development.
ejaculation
(ē-jak-ū-lā′shŭn) Expulsion of semen from the penis.
Emergent properties
When individual components in an environment come together and create distinct, collective and interactive properties and functions.
endocochlear potential
The voltage difference between the endolymph and the perilymph, about 80 mV.
Enhanced natural attenuation
Biostimulation approaches specifically addressing in-situ treatment.
Epilimnion
Uppermost layer of water in a lake during stratification.
ergogenesis
Literally translated as “energy creation,” it indicates the dominant energy systems of an activity.
excess postexercise oxygen consumption
(EPOC)—The oxygen debt; an oxygen consumption that is elevated above resting after exercise.
extensive property
A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass.
Fahrenheit (°F) scale
The temperature scale that is most familiar in the United States, on which pure water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F at sea level.
Feedforward stimulation
Stimulation of a metabolic pathway by its substrate.
fixed macrophage
A macrophage that is located in a certain organ or tissue (e.g., liver, lungs, spleen, or lymph nodes); also called a histiocyte.
fluorosis
The appearance of white specks or streaks on tooth enamel due to excess fluoride intake.
FPOM
Fine particulate organic matter.
Gallstones
Calculi formed from cholesterol or other poorly soluble substances in the biliary system.
germ layer
One of the three primary tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) of an animal embryo.
glutamatergic
Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release glutamate.
Gymnosperms
Plants with naked seeds; includes conifers, cycads, ginkgo.
heat (q)
The flow of energy caused by a temperature difference.