BIO - TERMS - ION

Question 1

Alkoxymercuration

Answer 1

A method for synthesizing ethers by mercuric-ion catalyzed addition of an alcohol to an alkene followed by demercuration on treatment with NaBH4.

Question 2

base ionization constant (Kb)

Answer 2

The equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction of a weak base; used to compare the relative strengths of weak bases.

Question 3

basic solution

Answer 3

A solution containing a base that creates additional OH- ions, causing the [OH-] to increase.

Question 4

calcium pump

Answer 4

An ion pump that removes cytosolic Ca²⁺.

Question 5

chelate

Answer 5

A complex ion that contains either a bi- or polydentate ligand.

Question 6

complete ionic equation

Answer 6

An equation that lists individually all of the ions present as either reactants or products in a chemical reaction.

Question 7

complex ion

Answer 7

An ion that contains a central metal ion that is bound to one or more ligands.

Question 8

coordination isomers

Answer 8

Isomers of complex ions that occur when a coordinated ligand exchanges places with the uncoordinated counterion.

Question 9

current

Answer 9

Movement of charged particles, such as ions.

Question 10

electrical energy

Answer 10

Movement of charged particles (such as ions).

Question 11

formation constant (Kf)

Answer 11

The equilibrium constant associated with reactions for the formation of complex ions.

Question 12

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)MS

Answer 12

Mass analyzer in mass spectrometry where the mass-tocharge ratio of ions is determined by the measurement of the frequency of the periodic ion movement in a magnetostatic field.

Question 13

heat of hydration (ΔHhydration)

Answer 13

The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of gaseous solute ions is dissolved in water.

Question 14

Ion pairs

Answer 14

A loose association between two ions in solution. Ion pairs are implicated as intermediates in SN1 reactions to account for the partial retention of stereochemistry that is often observed.

Question 15

ion selectivity

Answer 15

A property of ion channels that are selectively permeable to some ions and not to others.

Question 16

Ion-dipole interaction

Answer 16

Attraction force between an ion and a component of a polarized bond.

Question 17

lattice energy

Answer 17

The energy associated with forming a crystalline lattice from gaseous ions.

Question 18

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer 18

Ion channels that are regulated by the binding of a neurotransmitter.

Question 19

linkage isomers

Answer 19

Isomers of complex ions that occur when some ligands coordinate to the metal in different ways.

Question 20

mechanosensitive channels

Answer 20

Transmembrane ion channels that open in response to a mechanical stress on the lipid bilayer in which they are embedded.

Question 21

Microbially influenced corrosion

Answer 21

Influence of parameters relevant for metal corrosion such as oxygen-content, redox potential, pH-value, ionic strength at the interface between metal and microbial biofilm. It is known to enhance the corrosion process, but inhibiting influences have also been reported.

Question 22

orthosilicates

Answer 22

Silicates in which tetrahedral SO4⁴⁻ ions stand alone.

Question 23

pH value

Answer 23

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 24

Polar aprotic solvents

Answer 24

Polar solvents that can’t function as hydrogen ion donors. Polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) are particularly useful in SN2 reactions because of their ability to solvate cations.

Question 25

pyrosilicates

Answer 25

Silicates in which two SO4⁴⁻ tetrahedral ions share a corner.

Question 26

pyroxenes

Answer 26

Silicates in which SO4⁴⁻ tetrahedral ions bond together to form chains.

Question 27

qualitative analysis

Answer 27

A systematic way to determine the ions present in an unknown solution.

Question 28

Roentgen (r)

Answer 28

Unit of ionizing radiation.

Question 29

Secondary active transport

Answer 29

Transport that dissipates an ATP-dependent ion gradient.

Question 30

selective precipitation

Answer 30

A process involving the addition of a reagent to a solution that forms a precipitate with one of the dissolved ions but not the others.

Question 31

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 31

An ion pump that removes intracellular Na+ and concentrates intracellular K+, using adenosine triphosphate as its energy source.

Question 32

spectator ion

Answer 32

Ions in a complete ionic equation that do not participate in the reaction and therefore remain in solution.

Question 33

strong electrolyte

Answer 33

A substance that completely dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.

Question 34

strong-field complex

Answer 34

A complex ion in which the crystal field splitting is large.

Question 35

Time-of-flight (TOF)MS

Answer 35

Mass analyzer in mass spectrometry separating ions by their different flight times in a field-free tube.

Question 36

Valinomycin

Answer 36

A potassium ionophore.

Question 37

weak base

Answer 37

A base that only partially ionizes in water.

Question 38

weak-field complex

Answer 38

A complex ion in which the crystal field splitting is small.

Question 39

Williamson ether synthesis

Answer 39

A method for synthesizing ethers by SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with an alkoxide ion.

Question 40

Alkoxide ion, RO2

Answer 40

The anion formed by deprotonation of an alcohol.

Question 41

Bromonium ion

Answer 41

A species with a divalent, positively charged bromine, R2Br+.

Question 42

Enolate ion

Answer 42

The anion of an enol, C=C-O⁻.

Question 43

net ionic equation

Answer 43

An equation that shows only the species that actually change during the reaction.

Question 44

Phenoxide ion, ArO2

Answer 44

The anion of a phenol.

Question 45

Thiolate ion

Answer 45

The anion of a thiol, RS2.