BIO - TERMS - ION Flashcards
Alkoxymercuration
A method for synthesizing ethers by mercuric-ion catalyzed addition of an alcohol to an alkene followed by demercuration on treatment with NaBH4.
base ionization constant (Kb)
The equilibrium constant for the ionization reaction of a weak base; used to compare the relative strengths of weak bases.
basic solution
A solution containing a base that creates additional OH- ions, causing the [OH-] to increase.
calcium pump
An ion pump that removes cytosolic Ca²⁺.
chelate
A complex ion that contains either a bi- or polydentate ligand.
complete ionic equation
An equation that lists individually all of the ions present as either reactants or products in a chemical reaction.
complex ion
An ion that contains a central metal ion that is bound to one or more ligands.
coordination isomers
Isomers of complex ions that occur when a coordinated ligand exchanges places with the uncoordinated counterion.
current
Movement of charged particles, such as ions.
electrical energy
Movement of charged particles (such as ions).
formation constant (Kf)
The equilibrium constant associated with reactions for the formation of complex ions.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)MS
Mass analyzer in mass spectrometry where the mass-tocharge ratio of ions is determined by the measurement of the frequency of the periodic ion movement in a magnetostatic field.
heat of hydration (ΔHhydration)
The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of gaseous solute ions is dissolved in water.
Ion pairs
A loose association between two ions in solution. Ion pairs are implicated as intermediates in SN1 reactions to account for the partial retention of stereochemistry that is often observed.
ion selectivity
A property of ion channels that are selectively permeable to some ions and not to others.
Ion-dipole interaction
Attraction force between an ion and a component of a polarized bond.
lattice energy
The energy associated with forming a crystalline lattice from gaseous ions.
Ligand-gated ion channels
Ion channels that are regulated by the binding of a neurotransmitter.
linkage isomers
Isomers of complex ions that occur when some ligands coordinate to the metal in different ways.
mechanosensitive channels
Transmembrane ion channels that open in response to a mechanical stress on the lipid bilayer in which they are embedded.
Microbially influenced corrosion
Influence of parameters relevant for metal corrosion such as oxygen-content, redox potential, pH-value, ionic strength at the interface between metal and microbial biofilm. It is known to enhance the corrosion process, but inhibiting influences have also been reported.
orthosilicates
Silicates in which tetrahedral SO4⁴⁻ ions stand alone.
pH value
The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Polar aprotic solvents
Polar solvents that can’t function as hydrogen ion donors. Polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) are particularly useful in SN2 reactions because of their ability to solvate cations.
pyrosilicates
Silicates in which two SO4⁴⁻ tetrahedral ions share a corner.
pyroxenes
Silicates in which SO4⁴⁻ tetrahedral ions bond together to form chains.
qualitative analysis
A systematic way to determine the ions present in an unknown solution.
Roentgen (r)
Unit of ionizing radiation.
Secondary active transport
Transport that dissipates an ATP-dependent ion gradient.
selective precipitation
A process involving the addition of a reagent to a solution that forms a precipitate with one of the dissolved ions but not the others.
sodium-potassium pump
An ion pump that removes intracellular Na+ and concentrates intracellular K+, using adenosine triphosphate as its energy source.
spectator ion
Ions in a complete ionic equation that do not participate in the reaction and therefore remain in solution.
strong electrolyte
A substance that completely dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
strong-field complex
A complex ion in which the crystal field splitting is large.
Time-of-flight (TOF)MS
Mass analyzer in mass spectrometry separating ions by their different flight times in a field-free tube.
Valinomycin
A potassium ionophore.
weak base
A base that only partially ionizes in water.
weak-field complex
A complex ion in which the crystal field splitting is small.
Williamson ether synthesis
A method for synthesizing ethers by SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with an alkoxide ion.
Alkoxide ion, RO2
The anion formed by deprotonation of an alcohol.
Bromonium ion
A species with a divalent, positively charged bromine, R2Br+.
Enolate ion
The anion of an enol, C=C-O⁻.
net ionic equation
An equation that shows only the species that actually change during the reaction.
Phenoxide ion, ArO2
The anion of a phenol.
Thiolate ion
The anion of a thiol, RS2.
