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24-25 IB Biology Year 2 > B4.1: Adaptation to the Environment > Flashcards

B4.1: Adaptation to the Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

Habitat

A

the natural environment where an organism lives, including all the living and nonliving factors in the area

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2
Q

Terrestrial

A

relating to land or the planet Earth

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3
Q

Aquatic

A

relating to water, or living in, near, or taking place in water

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4
Q

Adaptation

A

a characteristic or feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment

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5
Q

Sand dunes

A

mounds of sand that are formed by wind and waves and are a vital habitat for many plants and animals

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6
Q

Osmosis

A

the process by which water molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

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7
Q

Lyme grass

A

pecies ofgrassin the family Poaceae, native to the coasts of Atlantic and Northern Europe

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8
Q

sclerenchyma

A

a type of plant tissue that provides strength and support to the plant

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9
Q

Rhizome

A

a modified underground stem of a plant that can grow horizontally and produce roots and shoots

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10
Q

fructans

A

a type of carbohydrate or sugar that are made up of fructose units and a glucose residue at the end

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11
Q

Estuaries

A

a partially enclosed body of water where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean

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12
Q

Red Mangrove

A

evergreen trees that are native to tropical and subtropical coastal regions around the world.They are known for their prop roots, which help support the tree and give it a spider-like appearance.

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13
Q

propagule

A

a structure that helps an organism propagate itself to the next stage in its life cycle

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14
Q

abiotic factors

A

the non-living parts of an ecosystem that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems

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15
Q

niches

A

the role an organism plays in an ecosystem, including the physical and environmental conditions it needs, and how it interacts with other species

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16
Q

Range of tolerance

A

the range of environmental conditions that a species can survive in

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17
Q

Optimal range

A

the range of conditions where an organism or biological system can function at its maximum level

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18
Q

Zones of stress

A

the regions around the optimal zone where organisms can survive but with reduced reproductive success

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19
Q

Marram Grass

A

a spiky, coarse, grey-green grass that grows in sand dunes and is well-adapted to the harsh coastal environment

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20
Q

Embryo dune

A

a small, young sand dune that forms at the base of a dune system and is the first stage in a dune’s life cycle

21
Q

Primary dune

A

a sand dune that is made up of sand that was blown directly from the beach face

22
Q

Secondary dune

A

a dune that is formed by the modification of a primary dune or by sand being moved inland from the primary dune

23
Q

Tropical rainforests

A

dense, hot, and humid forests with a lot of rainfall that are found near the equator

24
Q

Coral reefs

A

underwater ecosystems made up of tiny animals called coral polyps that live in colonies and form complex structures

25
Q

symbiotic relationship

A

a close, long-term biological interaction between two or more different species that usually benefits at least one of the organisms involved

26
Q

coral polyps

A

iny marine animals that are the basic unit of the coral animal

27
Q

zooxanthellae

A

single-celled algae that live in a symbiotic relationship with other organisms, such as corals, jellyfish, and anemones

28
Q

calcium carbonate

A

a calcium salt and inorganic compound with many biological and medical uses

29
Q

Mass coral bleaching

A

a phenomenon that occurs when large numbers of coral reefs experience bleaching at the same time. Coral bleaching is a stress response that happens when corals lose their symbiotic algae and photosynthetic pigments, causing them to turn white or pale in color.

30
Q

ocean acidification

A

the process by which the ocean’s pH decreases over time, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere

31
Q

Biomes

A

a large geographical area with a distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life.Biomes are made up of multiple ecosystems and habitats, and can span more than one continent

32
Q

Tundra

A

a cold, harsh, and treeless biome that covers about 10% of the Earth’s surface

33
Q

Desert

A

a large, dry area of land with sparse vegetation and a community of plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh environment

34
Q

Grassland

A

a large area of land where the vegetation is mostly made up of grasses, sedges, and rushes

35
Q

Taiga (Boreal forest)

A

a forest that grows in high latitudes with long, cold winters and short, warm summers

36
Q

Deciduous forest

A

a forest where the trees lose their leaves every year, and then grow new ones in the spring

37
Q

Temperate rainforest

A

a forest that grows in a temperate climate with high rainfall and humidity, and is influenced by the sea

38
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

dense, warm, and wet forests that are found near the equator and are known for their incredible biodiversity

39
Q

Convergent evolution

A

a biological process that occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits or behaviors to adapt to similar needs or environments

40
Q

Saguaro cactus

A

a large, tree-like cactus that is the largest in the United States

41
Q

Xerophyte

A

a plant that has adapted to survive in environments with little water, such as deserts, saline soils, or acid bogs

42
Q

CAM system

A

CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, a specialized type of photosynthesis that helps plants adapt to hot, dry climates

43
Q

Fennec fox

A

small canids that live in the deserts of North Africa and the Arabian and Sinai peninsulas

44
Q

Vascular

A

made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph fluid through the body

45
Q

Kapok tree

A

a tropical, deciduous tree that is known for its fiber-producing fruit and many other uses

46
Q

Buttress roots

A

large, wide roots that grow from the base of a tree to provide mechanical support and stability

47
Q

Poison-dart frogs

A

small, brightly colored amphibians with toxic skin that live in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America

48
Q

Aposematic coloration

A

a type of coloration that helps organisms warn predators that they are dangerous or inedible

24-25 IB Biology Year 2 (5 decks)

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