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Anatomy > Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch8 > Flashcards

Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch8 Flashcards

1
Q

pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle, consists of a clavicle anteriorly and a scapula posteriorly

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2
Q

clavicles

A

collarbones, slender, S-shaped bones that extend horizontally arcoss the superior thorax on the anterior surface

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3
Q

sternal end

A

of the clavical attaches to the manubrium medially

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4
Q

acromial end

A

of the clavicle articulates with the scapula laterally

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5
Q

trapezoid line and conoid tubercle

A

“near the acromial end provide attachment for a ligament that runs to the scapula’s coracoid process”

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6
Q

scapulae

A

shoulder blades, thin, triangular, flat bones located on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between rib 2 superiorly and rib 7 inferiorly

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7
Q

superior border of scapulae

A

shortest and sharpest of 3

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8
Q

medial border of scapulae

A

or vertebral border, papallels the vertebral column

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9
Q

laterial border of scapulae

A

thick, axillary border, abuts the axilla (armpit) and ends superiorly in a shallow fossa, the glenoid cavity

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10
Q

glenoid cavity

A

articulates with the humerus, forming the shoulder joint

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11
Q

“scapula’s lateral angle”

A

glenoid cavity

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12
Q

“scapula’s superior angle”

A

where the superior and medial borders meet

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13
Q

“scapula’s inferior angle”

A

junction of the medial and lateral borders

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14
Q

coracoid process

A

projects anteriorly from the lateral port of the superior scapular border

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15
Q

suprascapular notch

A

just medial to the coracoid process, passageway for the suprascapular nerve

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16
Q

spine (scapula)

A

on the posterior surface, easily felt through the skin, ends laterally in a flat projection called the acromion

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17
Q

acromion (scapula)

A

articulates with the arcomial end of the clavicle

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18
Q

infraspinous and supraspinous fossae

A

lie inferior and superior to the scapular spine

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19
Q

subscapular fossa

A

shallow concavity formed by the entire anterior surface of the scapula

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20
Q

humerus

A

only bone of the arm, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna at the elbow

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21
Q

greater tubercle and lesser tubercle (humerus)

A

spearated by the intertubercular suclcus, or bicipital groove

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22
Q

interbucular sulcus

A

guides a tendon of the biceps muscle to its attachment point at the rim of the glenoid cavity

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23
Q

surgical neck (humerus)

A

most frequently fractured part of the humerus, inferior to the tubercles

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24
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A

midway down the shaft on the lateral side, V-shaped roughened area is an attachment site for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder

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25
Q

radial groove

A

descends obliquely near the deltoid tuberosity along the posterior surface of the shaft, marks the course of the radial nerve

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26
Q

trochlea (humerus)

A

medial, condyle, articulates with the ulna

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27
Q

capitulum (humerus)

A

lateral, condyle, articulates with the radius

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28
Q

medial and lateral epicondyles

A

flank the trochlea and capitulum, attachment sites for muscles of the forearm

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29
Q

medial and lateral supracondylar ridges

A

directly above the medial and lateral epicondyles (humerus)

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30
Q

olecranon fossa

A

posterior surface of the humerus directly proximal to the trochlea

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31
Q

coronoid fossa and radial fossa

A

medially and laterally respectively, anterior surface of the humerous directly proximal to the trouchlea, receive similarly named projections of the forearm bones during forearm movement

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32
Q

interosseous membrane

A

connects the radius and ulna along their entire length by a flat ligament, or the tibia and fibula

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33
Q

olecranon and coronoid process

A

grip the trochlea of the humerus, forming a hinge joint that allows the forearm to bend upon the arm (flex), then starighten again (extend)

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34
Q

trochlear notch

A

deep concavity seperating the olecranon and coronoid processes

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35
Q

ulna

A

”"”elbow””, slightly longer than the radius, main bone forming the elbow joint with the humerus”

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36
Q

radial notch

A

lateral side of the coronoid process is a smooth depression where the head of the raidus articulates with the ulna

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37
Q

ulnar styloid process

A

”"”stake-shaped””, medial to the knoblike head, from which a ligament runs to the wrist”

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38
Q

radius

A

”"”spoke”” or ““ray””, thin at its proximal end and widened at is distal end (the opposite of the ulna)”

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39
Q

radial tuberosity

A

just distal to the head, on the anterior surface in anatomical position, a rough bump, a site of attachment of the biceps muscle

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40
Q

ulnar notch

A

distal end of the radius, medial notch articulates with the head of the ulna, forming the distal radioulnar joint

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41
Q

radial styloid process

A

lateral to the ulnar notch, anchors a ligament that runs to the wrist

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42
Q

carpus

A

true wrist, proximal region of the hand, just distal to the wrist joint

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43
Q

carpals

A

eight marble-sized short bones of the carpus, closely united by ligaments

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44
Q

scaphoid

A

”"”boat-shaped””, proximal row, lateral (thumb side), articulates with the radius to form the wrist joint”

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45
Q

triquetrum

A

”"”triangular””, proximal row, 3rd bonelateral (thumb side)”

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46
Q

pisiform

A

”"”pea-shaped””, proximal row, medial (away from the thumb)”

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47
Q

lunate

A

”"”moonlike””, proximal row, 2nd bone lateral (thumb side), articulates with the radius to form the wrist joint”

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48
Q

trapezium

A

”"”little table””, distal row, lateral”

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49
Q

trapezoid

A

”"”four-sided””, distal row, 2nd bone laterally”

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50
Q

capitate

A

”"”head-shaped””, distal row, 3rd bone laterally”

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51
Q

hamate

A

”"”hooked””, distal row, medial”

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52
Q

metacarpals

A

radiate distally from the wrist to form the metacarpus, or falm of the hand, numbered I (thumb) to V

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53
Q

phalanges

A

digits, or fingers (or toes), numbered I to V beginning with the thumb (or big toe), II-V have three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal); the thumb (and big toe) has no middle phalanx

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54
Q

pelvic girdle

A

attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis, consists of the paired hip bones and the sacrum (sometimes)

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55
Q

coxal

A

aka hip bone aka pelvic bone, unites with its partner anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly

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56
Q

acetabulum

A

at the Y-shaped junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis is a deep hemipsherical socket, on the lateral pelvic surface

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57
Q

ilium

A

”"”flank””, large flaring bone that forms the suprior region of the hip bone, consists of the an inferior body and a superior winglike ala (wing)”

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58
Q

iliac crest

A

thickened superior margin of the ala

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59
Q

tubercle of the iliac crest

A

thickest part of the iliac crest which attaches many muscles

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60
Q

anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine

A

blunt and sharp ends respectively of ecah iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine is an especially prominent anatomical landmark and is easily felt through the skin

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61
Q

anterior and posterior inferior iliac spines

A

inferior to the superior iliac spines

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62
Q

greater sciatic notch

A

posteirorly, just inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the ilium is deeply indented, the sciatic nerve passes through this notch to enter the posteior thigh

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63
Q

posteiror, anterior, and inferior gluteal lines

A

broad posterolateral surface of the ilium, the gluteal surface, is crossed by three rides which define the attachment sites of the gluteal muscles

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64
Q

iliac fossa

A

broad concave sinternal surface of the iliac ala

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65
Q

auricular surface

A

posterior to the iliac fossa, articulates with the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint, the weight of the body is transmitted from the vertebral column to the pelvis through this joint

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66
Q

arcuate line

A

runs anteriorly and inferiorly from the auricular surface, a robust ridge, helps define the superior boundary of the true pelvis

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67
Q

ischium

A

forms the posteroinferior region of the hip bone, shaped like an arc, has a thicker superior body and a thinner inferior ramus (branch)

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68
Q

ischial spine

A

triangular, lies posterior to the acetabulum and projects medially, attachment point for a ligament from the sacrum and coccyx, the sacrospinous ligament

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69
Q

lesser sciatic notch

A

just inferior to the ischial spine, passes nerves and vessels that serve the perineum (area around the anus and external genitalia)

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70
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

inferior surface of the ischial body, rough and thickened, strongest part of the hip bone, bears entire weight of a sitting person, sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to each ischial tuberosity and helps hold the pelvis together

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71
Q

pubis

A

”"”sexually mature””, anterior region of the hip bone, lies nearly horizontally and the bladder rests upon it, V-shaped with superior and inferior rami extending from a flat body”

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72
Q

pubic crest

A

thickened anterior border of pubis

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73
Q

pubic tubercle

A

at the lateral end of the pubic crest, knoblike, an attachment point for the inguinal ligament

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74
Q

obturator foramen

A

large hole occuring between the pubis and ischium, almost completely closed by a fibrous membrane, the obturator membrane

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75
Q

pelvic brim

A

continuous oval ridge that runs from the pubic crest through the arcuate line, the rounded inferior edges of the sacral ala, and the sacral promontory, separates the false (greater) pelvis and the true (lesser) pelvis

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76
Q

false pelvis

A

sperior to the belvic brine, bounded by the alae of the iliac bones, part of the abdomen and contains abdominal organs

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77
Q

true pelvis

A

inferior to the pelvic brim, forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs

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78
Q

pelvic inlet

A

“delineated by the pelvic brim, largest diameter is from right to left in the frontal plane; as labor begins, the infant’s head enters this inlet, its forehead facing one ilium and the back of its head facing the other (a sacral promontory too large can block the entry of the infant into the true pelvis)”

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79
Q

pelvic outlet

A

inferior margin of the true pelvis, boundaries are the pubic arch anteriorly, the ischial tuberosities laterally, and the sacrum and coccyx posteriorly, largest dimension of the pelvic outlet is the anteroposterior diameter

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80
Q

femur

A

”"”thigh””, single bone of the thigh, largest, longest, strongest bone of the body”

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81
Q

fovea capitis

A

”"”pit of the head””, small central pit in the ball-like head of the femur, connects the short ligament of the head of the femur from this pit to the aceabulum of the hip bone”

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82
Q

greater trochanter and lesser trochanter (femur)

A

lateral and posteromedial respectively, sites of muschle attachment

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83
Q

intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest

A

anterior and posteior respectively, interconnect the greater and lesser trochanters

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84
Q

gluteal tuberosity

A

inferior to the introchanteric crest on the posterior surface of the shaft

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85
Q

linea aspera

A

the inferior part of the gluteal tuberosity blends into a long vertical ridge, also sites of muscle attachment

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86
Q

lateral and medial condyles

A

joint surfaces that articulate with the tibia

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87
Q

lateral and medial epicondyles

A

most raised points on the sides of the lateral and medial condyles to which muscles and ligaments attach

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88
Q

adductor tubercle

A

bump on the upper part of the medial epicondyle

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89
Q

patellar surface

A

anteriorly separates the lateral and medial condyles, articulates with the kneecap/patella

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90
Q

intercondylar fossa

A

posteriarly separates the lateral and medial condyles

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91
Q

lateral and medial supracondylar lines

A

extends superiorly from the respective condyles to the linea aspera

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92
Q

patella

A

”"”small pan””, triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muschles of the anterior thigh to the tibia”

93
Q

tibia

A

”"”shinbone””, receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot, second only to femur in size and strength”

94
Q

medial and lateral condyles (tibia)

A

articulate with the corresponding condyles of the femur

95
Q

intercondylar eminence

A

tibial condyles are separated by an irregular proection

96
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

“inferior to the medial and lateral condyles, on the tibia’s anterior surface, is the attachment side of the patellar ligament”

97
Q

anterior border (tibia)

A

sharp, lies just below the skin and is easily palpated

98
Q

medial malleolus

A

”"”little hammer””, forms the medial bulge of the ankle, inferior projection medial to the surface of the tibia-talus joint”

99
Q

fibular notch

A

lateral side of the distal tibia, articulates with the fibula, forming the inferior tibiofibular joint

100
Q

fibula

A

”"”pin””, lateral to the tibia, is a thin long bone with two exanded ends, the head and the lateral malleolus”

101
Q

lateral malleolus (fibula)

A

forms the lateral bulge of the ankle and articulates with the talus bone of the foot

102
Q

tarsus

A

posterior half of the foot, contains seven bones called tarsals

103
Q

talus

A

”"”ankle””, articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly, carries weight of the body primarily (with calcaneus)”

104
Q

calcaneus

A

”"”heal bone””, forms heel of the foot, carries weight of the body primarily (with talus)”

105
Q

trochlea of the talus

A

tibia articulates with the talus

106
Q

calcaneal tuberosity

A

the part of the calcaneus that touches the ground

107
Q

sustentaculum tali

A

”"”supporter of the talus”” aka talar shelf, medial, shelf-like projection of the calcaneus”

108
Q

metatarsus

A

consists of five small long bones called metatarsals, numbered I-V beginning on the medial side of the foot

109
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

curves well above the ground, the talus near the talonavicular joint is the keystone of this arch which originates at the calcaneus rises to the talus and then descends to the three medial metatarsals

110
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

very low, elevates the lateral edge of the good just enough to redistribute some of the body weight ot the calcaneus and some to the head of the fifth metatarsal (that is, to the two ends of the arch), the cuboid bone is the keystone of this lateral arch

111
Q

transverse arch

A

two longitudinal arches serve as pillars, runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other following the line of the joints between the tarsals and metatarsals

112
Q

hip dysplasia

A

aka congenital dislocation of the hip, either the acetabulum fails to form completely or the ligaments of the hip joint are loose, so the head of the femur tends to slip out of its socket

113
Q

clubfoot

A

soles of the feet turn medially and the toes point inferiorly

114
Q

upper-lower (UL) body ration

A

“lower body segment (L) is the distance from the top of the pelvic girdle to the ground, whereas the upper body segment (U) is the difference between the lower body segment’s hight and the person’s totaly height; at birth the UL ratio is about 1.7:1, by age 10 the UL ratio is about 1:1 and changes little thereafter”

115
Q

shoulder girdle, consists of a clavicle anteriorly and a scapula posteriorly

A

pectoral girdle

116
Q

collarbones, slender, S-shaped bones that extend horizontally arcoss the superior thorax on the anterior surface

A

clavicles

117
Q

of the clavical attaches to the manubrium medially

A

sternal end

118
Q

of the clavicle articulates with the scapula laterally

A

acromial end

119
Q

“near the acromial end provide attachment for a ligament that runs to the scapula’s coracoid process”

A

trapezoid line and conoid tubercle

120
Q

shoulder blades, thin, triangular, flat bones located on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between rib 2 superiorly and rib 7 inferiorly

A

scapulae

121
Q

shortest and sharpest of 3

A

superior border of scapulae

122
Q

or vertebral border, papallels the vertebral column

A

medial border of scapulae

123
Q

thick, axillary border, abuts the axilla (armpit) and ends superiorly in a shallow fossa, the glenoid cavity

A

laterial border of scapulae

124
Q

articulates with the humerus, forming the shoulder joint

A

glenoid cavity

125
Q

glenoid cavity

A

“scapula’s lateral angle”

126
Q

where the superior and medial borders meet

A

“scapula’s superior angle”

127
Q

junction of the medial and lateral borders

A

“scapula’s inferior angle”

128
Q

projects anteriorly from the lateral port of the superior scapular border

A

coracoid process

129
Q

just medial to the coracoid process, passageway for the suprascapular nerve

A

suprascapular notch

130
Q

on the posterior surface, easily felt through the skin, ends laterally in a flat projection called the acromion

A

spine (scapula)

131
Q

articulates with the arcomial end of the clavicle

A

acromion (scapula)

132
Q

lie inferior and superior to the scapular spine

A

infraspinous and supraspinous fossae

133
Q

shallow concavity formed by the entire anterior surface of the scapula

A

subscapular fossa

134
Q

only bone of the arm, articulates with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna at the elbow

A

humerus

135
Q

spearated by the intertubercular suclcus, or bicipital groove

A

greater tubercle and lesser tubercle (humerus)

136
Q

guides a tendon of the biceps muscle to its attachment point at the rim of the glenoid cavity

A

interbucular sulcus

137
Q

most frequently fractured part of the humerus, inferior to the tubercles

A

surgical neck (humerus)

138
Q

midway down the shaft on the lateral side, V-shaped roughened area is an attachment site for the deltoid muscle of the shoulder

A

deltoid tuberosity

139
Q

descends obliquely near the deltoid tuberosity along the posterior surface of the shaft, marks the course of the radial nerve

A

radial groove

140
Q

medial, condyle, articulates with the ulna

A

trochlea (humerus)

141
Q

lateral, condyle, articulates with the radius

A

capitulum (humerus)

142
Q

flank the trochlea and capitulum, attachment sites for muscles of the forearm

A

medial and lateral epicondyles

143
Q

directly above the medial and lateral epicondyles (humerus)

A

medial and lateral supracondylar ridges

144
Q

posterior surface of the humerus directly proximal to the trochlea

A

olecranon fossa

145
Q

medially and laterally respectively, anterior surface of the humerous directly proximal to the trouchlea, receive similarly named projections of the forearm bones during forearm movement

A

coronoid fossa and radial fossa

146
Q

connects the radius and ulna along their entire length by a flat ligament, or the tibia and fibula

A

interosseous membrane

147
Q

grip the trochlea of the humerus, forming a hinge joint that allows the forearm to bend upon the arm (flex), then starighten again (extend)

A

olecranon and coronoid process

148
Q

deep concavity seperating the olecranon and coronoid processes

A

trochlear notch

149
Q

”"”elbow””, slightly longer than the radius, main bone forming the elbow joint with the humerus”

A

ulna

150
Q

lateral side of the coronoid process is a smooth depression where the head of the raidus articulates with the ulna

A

radial notch

151
Q

”"”stake-shaped””, medial to the knoblike head, from which a ligament runs to the wrist”

A

ulnar styloid process

152
Q

”"”spoke”” or ““ray””, thin at its proximal end and widened at is distal end (the opposite of the ulna)”

A

radius

153
Q

just distal to the head, on the anterior surface in anatomical position, a rough bump, a site of attachment of the biceps muscle

A

radial tuberosity

154
Q

distal end of the radius, medial notch articulates with the head of the ulna, forming the distal radioulnar joint

A

ulnar notch

155
Q

lateral to the ulnar notch, anchors a ligament that runs to the wrist

A

radial styloid process

156
Q

true wrist, proximal region of the hand, just distal to the wrist joint

A

carpus

157
Q

eight marble-sized short bones of the carpus, closely united by ligaments

A

carpals

158
Q

”"”boat-shaped””, proximal row, lateral (thumb side), articulates with the radius to form the wrist joint”

A

scaphoid

159
Q

”"”triangular””, proximal row, 3rd bonelateral (thumb side)”

A

triquetrum

160
Q

”"”pea-shaped””, proximal row, medial (away from the thumb)”

A

pisiform

161
Q

”"”moonlike””, proximal row, 2nd bone lateral (thumb side), articulates with the radius to form the wrist joint”

A

lunate

162
Q

”"”little table””, distal row, lateral”

A

trapezium

163
Q

”"”four-sided””, distal row, 2nd bone laterally”

A

trapezoid

164
Q

”"”head-shaped””, distal row, 3rd bone laterally”

A

capitate

165
Q

”"”hooked””, distal row, medial”

A

hamate

166
Q

radiate distally from the wrist to form the metacarpus, or falm of the hand, numbered I (thumb) to V

A

metacarpals

167
Q

digits, or fingers (or toes), numbered I to V beginning with the thumb (or big toe), II-V have three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal); the thumb (and big toe) has no middle phalanx

A

phalanges

168
Q

attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis, consists of the paired hip bones and the sacrum (sometimes)

A

pelvic girdle

169
Q

aka hip bone aka pelvic bone, unites with its partner anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly

A

coxal

170
Q

at the Y-shaped junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis is a deep hemipsherical socket, on the lateral pelvic surface

A

acetabulum

171
Q

”"”flank””, large flaring bone that forms the suprior region of the hip bone, consists of the an inferior body and a superior winglike ala (wing)”

A

ilium

172
Q

thickened superior margin of the ala

A

iliac crest

173
Q

thickest part of the iliac crest which attaches many muscles

A

tubercle of the iliac crest

174
Q

blunt and sharp ends respectively of ecah iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine is an especially prominent anatomical landmark and is easily felt through the skin

A

anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine

175
Q

inferior to the superior iliac spines

A

anterior and posterior inferior iliac spines

176
Q

posteirorly, just inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the ilium is deeply indented, the sciatic nerve passes through this notch to enter the posteior thigh

A

greater sciatic notch

177
Q

broad posterolateral surface of the ilium, the gluteal surface, is crossed by three rides which define the attachment sites of the gluteal muscles

A

posteiror, anterior, and inferior gluteal lines

178
Q

broad concave sinternal surface of the iliac ala

A

iliac fossa

179
Q

posterior to the iliac fossa, articulates with the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joint, the weight of the body is transmitted from the vertebral column to the pelvis through this joint

A

auricular surface

180
Q

runs anteriorly and inferiorly from the auricular surface, a robust ridge, helps define the superior boundary of the true pelvis

A

arcuate line

181
Q

forms the posteroinferior region of the hip bone, shaped like an arc, has a thicker superior body and a thinner inferior ramus (branch)

A

ischium

182
Q

triangular, lies posterior to the acetabulum and projects medially, attachment point for a ligament from the sacrum and coccyx, the sacrospinous ligament

A

ischial spine

183
Q

just inferior to the ischial spine, passes nerves and vessels that serve the perineum (area around the anus and external genitalia)

A

lesser sciatic notch

184
Q

inferior surface of the ischial body, rough and thickened, strongest part of the hip bone, bears entire weight of a sitting person, sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to each ischial tuberosity and helps hold the pelvis together

A

ischial tuberosity

185
Q

”"”sexually mature””, anterior region of the hip bone, lies nearly horizontally and the bladder rests upon it, V-shaped with superior and inferior rami extending from a flat body”

A

pubis

186
Q

thickened anterior border of pubis

A

pubic crest

187
Q

at the lateral end of the pubic crest, knoblike, an attachment point for the inguinal ligament

A

pubic tubercle

188
Q

large hole occuring between the pubis and ischium, almost completely closed by a fibrous membrane, the obturator membrane

A

obturator foramen

189
Q

continuous oval ridge that runs from the pubic crest through the arcuate line, the rounded inferior edges of the sacral ala, and the sacral promontory, separates the false (greater) pelvis and the true (lesser) pelvis

A

pelvic brim

190
Q

sperior to the belvic brine, bounded by the alae of the iliac bones, part of the abdomen and contains abdominal organs

A

false pelvis

191
Q

inferior to the pelvic brim, forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs

A

true pelvis

192
Q

“delineated by the pelvic brim, largest diameter is from right to left in the frontal plane; as labor begins, the infant’s head enters this inlet, its forehead facing one ilium and the back of its head facing the other (a sacral promontory too large can block the entry of the infant into the true pelvis)”

A

pelvic inlet

193
Q

inferior margin of the true pelvis, boundaries are the pubic arch anteriorly, the ischial tuberosities laterally, and the sacrum and coccyx posteriorly, largest dimension of the pelvic outlet is the anteroposterior diameter

A

pelvic outlet

194
Q

”"”thigh””, single bone of the thigh, largest, longest, strongest bone of the body”

A

femur

195
Q

”"”pit of the head””, small central pit in the ball-like head of the femur, connects the short ligament of the head of the femur from this pit to the aceabulum of the hip bone”

A

fovea capitis

196
Q

lateral and posteromedial respectively, sites of muschle attachment

A

greater trochanter and lesser trochanter (femur)

197
Q

anterior and posteior respectively, interconnect the greater and lesser trochanters

A

intertrochanteric line and intertrochanteric crest

198
Q

inferior to the introchanteric crest on the posterior surface of the shaft

A

gluteal tuberosity

199
Q

the inferior part of the gluteal tuberosity blends into a long vertical ridge, also sites of muscle attachment

A

linea aspera

200
Q

joint surfaces that articulate with the tibia

A

lateral and medial condyles

201
Q

most raised points on the sides of the lateral and medial condyles to which muscles and ligaments attach

A

lateral and medial epicondyles

202
Q

bump on the upper part of the medial epicondyle

A

adductor tubercle

203
Q

anteriorly separates the lateral and medial condyles, articulates with the kneecap/patella

A

patellar surface

204
Q

posteriarly separates the lateral and medial condyles

A

intercondylar fossa

205
Q

extends superiorly from the respective condyles to the linea aspera

A

lateral and medial supracondylar lines

206
Q

”"”small pan””, triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muschles of the anterior thigh to the tibia”

A

patella

207
Q

”"”shinbone””, receives the weight of the body from the femur and transmits it to the foot, second only to femur in size and strength”

A

tibia

208
Q

articulate with the corresponding condyles of the femur

A

medial and lateral condyles (tibia)

209
Q

tibial condyles are separated by an irregular proection

A

intercondylar eminence

210
Q

“inferior to the medial and lateral condyles, on the tibia’s anterior surface, is the attachment side of the patellar ligament”

A

tibial tuberosity

211
Q

sharp, lies just below the skin and is easily palpated

A

anterior border (tibia)

212
Q

”"”little hammer””, forms the medial bulge of the ankle, inferior projection medial to the surface of the tibia-talus joint”

A

medial malleolus

213
Q

lateral side of the distal tibia, articulates with the fibula, forming the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

fibular notch

214
Q

”"”pin””, lateral to the tibia, is a thin long bone with two exanded ends, the head and the lateral malleolus”

A

fibula

215
Q

forms the lateral bulge of the ankle and articulates with the talus bone of the foot

A

lateral malleolus (fibula)

216
Q

posterior half of the foot, contains seven bones called tarsals

A

tarsus

217
Q

”"”ankle””, articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly, carries weight of the body primarily (with calcaneus)”

A

talus

218
Q

”"”heal bone””, forms heel of the foot, carries weight of the body primarily (with talus)”

A

calcaneus

219
Q

tibia articulates with the talus

A

trochlea of the talus

220
Q

the part of the calcaneus that touches the ground

A

calcaneal tuberosity

221
Q

”"”supporter of the talus”” aka talar shelf, medial, shelf-like projection of the calcaneus”

A

sustentaculum tali

222
Q

consists of five small long bones called metatarsals, numbered I-V beginning on the medial side of the foot

A

metatarsus

223
Q

curves well above the ground, the talus near the talonavicular joint is the keystone of this arch which originates at the calcaneus rises to the talus and then descends to the three medial metatarsals

A

medial longitudinal arch

224
Q

very low, elevates the lateral edge of the good just enough to redistribute some of the body weight ot the calcaneus and some to the head of the fifth metatarsal (that is, to the two ends of the arch), the cuboid bone is the keystone of this lateral arch

A

lateral longitudinal arch

225
Q

two longitudinal arches serve as pillars, runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other following the line of the joints between the tarsals and metatarsals

A

transverse arch

226
Q

aka congenital dislocation of the hip, either the acetabulum fails to form completely or the ligaments of the hip joint are loose, so the head of the femur tends to slip out of its socket

A

hip dysplasia

227
Q

soles of the feet turn medially and the toes point inferiorly

A

clubfoot

228
Q

“lower body segment (L) is the distance from the top of the pelvic girdle to the ground, whereas the upper body segment (U) is the difference between the lower body segment’s hight and the person’s totaly height; at birth the UL ratio is about 1.7:1, by age 10 the UL ratio is about 1:1 and changes little thereafter”

A

upper-lower (UL) body ration

Anatomy (42 decks)

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