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Anatomy > Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch4 > Flashcards

Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch4 Flashcards

1
Q

hormones

A

messenger molecules produced by the endocrine glands and released into the extracellular space before entering nearby capillaries and traveling to specific target organs

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2
Q

ducts

A

carry the prodect of multicellular exocrine glands to the epithelial surfaces

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3
Q

goblet cell

A

produces mucin, a glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted, forming mucus

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4
Q

tight junction, aka

A

“zonula occludens ““small zone that shuts off”” aka”

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5
Q

adhesive belt junctions, aka

A

sonula adherens, a type of anchoring junction, aka

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6
Q

basal lamina

A

supporting sheet at the border between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it

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7
Q

basement membrane

A

basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers derectly deep to it that belong to the underlying connective tissue

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8
Q

cilia

A

whiplike, highly motile extensions of the apical surface membranes of certain epithelial cells

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9
Q

flagellum

A

an extremely long, isolate cilium (the only ones in the humon body are sperm)

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10
Q

basal body

A

centriole at the base of each cilium

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11
Q

collagen fibers

A

strongest and most abundant type of fiber in connective tissues, resist tension (pulling forces) and contribute strength to a connective tissue

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12
Q

reticular fibers

A

bundles of a special type of collagen biril, cluster into a meshline network that covers and supports the structures bordering the connective tissue

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13
Q

elastic fibers

A

contain the rubberlike protein elastin, which allows the elastic fibers to recoil when tension is released and the stretched tissue resumes its original shape

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14
Q

interstitial fluid

A

tissue fluid, derived from leakage of fluid and small molecules from the blood as it travels through the cappillaries

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15
Q

adipose tissue

A

similar to areolar connective tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing function is much greater

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16
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

produces heat and is a nutrient consumer (subcutaneous tissue between the two scapulae, on the side of the anterior neck, and on the anterior abdominal wall)

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17
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

resembles areolar tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers

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18
Q

reticular cells

A

fibroblasts that lie along the reticular network of reticular connective tissue

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19
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

similar to areolar tissue, but its collagen fibers are much thicker, and these fibers run in different lanes, allowing this tissue to resist strong tensions from different directions

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20
Q

dense regular connective tissue

A

all collagen fibers usually run in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull

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21
Q

elastic connective tissue

A

elastic fibers are the predominant type of fiber, and bundles of elastic fibers outnumber the bundles of collagen fibers

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22
Q

cartilage (description)

A

a firm but flexible tissue, consisting of up to 80% water

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23
Q

chondrocyte

A

the only type of cell in cartilage; each chondrocyte resides within a cavity in the matrix called a lacuna

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24
Q

bone tissue (description)

A

rocklike hardness, tremendous ability to support and protect body structures; contains inorganic calcium salts, which enable bone to resist compression, and an abundance of collagen fibers, which allow bone to withstand strong tension

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25
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells (post- secreting the matrix), inhabit cavities called lacuna in this hardened matrix

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26
Q

blood (description)

A

atypical connective tissue, classified as such because it arises from mesenchyme and censists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving matrix, the liquid blood plasma

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27
Q

covering or lining membranes

A

consist of an epithelial sheet plus the underlying layer of connective tissue proper; are of three types: cutaneous, mucous, and serous

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28
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin, a dry membrane consisting of the thick epidermis (epithelium) and dense dermis (connective tissue)

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29
Q

mucous membrane, or mucosa

A

“lines the inside of enery holow internal organ that opens to the outside of the body (specifically, tubes of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems); many mucous membranes (but not all) secrete mucous; an epithelial sheet directly underlain by a layer of losoe areolar connective tissue called the lamina propria (““one’s own layer””)”

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30
Q

serous membranes, or serosae

A

slippery membranes that line the closed pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; consists of a simple squamous epithelium, called mesothelium, lying on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue; produces a slippery serous fluid

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31
Q

muscle tissues

A

bring about most kinds of body movements

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32
Q

muscle fibers

A

elongated shape and contract forcefully as they shorten; contain many myofilaments, cellular organellse filled with actin and myosin filaments; three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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33
Q

neurons

A

highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses

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34
Q

dendrites

A

cell processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron like branches of a tree, and transmit signals toward the cell body

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35
Q

axon

A

singular, long cell process that generates nerve impulses and transmits them away from the cell body

36
Q

neuroglia

A

supporting cells, nonconducting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons

37
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid

38
Q

regeneration

A

replacement of a destroyed tissue by new tissue of the same kind

39
Q

fibrosis

A

proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue

40
Q

organization (repair)

A

process by which the clot is replaced by granulation tissue

41
Q

granulation tissue

A

delicate pink tissue made of several elements: capillaries that grow in from nearby areas, and proliferating fibroblasts that produce new collagen fibers to bridge the gash

42
Q

adhesions

A

irritation of visceral organs can case them to adhere to one another or to the body wall as they scare, and can prevent the normal churning actions of loops of the intestine

43
Q

stem cells

A

relatively undifferentiated cells that renew themselves continually and divide to produce new tissue cells as needed

44
Q

messenger molecules produced by the endocrine glands and released into the extracellular space before entering nearby capillaries and traveling to specific target organs

A

hormones

45
Q

carry the prodect of multicellular exocrine glands to the epithelial surfaces

A

ducts

46
Q

produces mucin, a glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted, forming mucus

A

goblet cell

47
Q

“zonula occludens ““small zone that shuts off”” aka”

A

tight junction, aka

48
Q

sonula adherens, a type of anchoring junction, aka

A

adhesive belt junctions, aka

49
Q

supporting sheet at the border between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it

A

basal lamina

50
Q

basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers derectly deep to it that belong to the underlying connective tissue

A

basement membrane

51
Q

whiplike, highly motile extensions of the apical surface membranes of certain epithelial cells

A

cilia

52
Q

an extremely long, isolate cilium (the only ones in the humon body are sperm)

A

flagellum

53
Q

centriole at the base of each cilium

A

basal body

54
Q

strongest and most abundant type of fiber in connective tissues, resist tension (pulling forces) and contribute strength to a connective tissue

A

collagen fibers

55
Q

bundles of a special type of collagen biril, cluster into a meshline network that covers and supports the structures bordering the connective tissue

A

reticular fibers

56
Q

contain the rubberlike protein elastin, which allows the elastic fibers to recoil when tension is released and the stretched tissue resumes its original shape

A

elastic fibers

57
Q

tissue fluid, derived from leakage of fluid and small molecules from the blood as it travels through the cappillaries

A

interstitial fluid

58
Q

similar to areolar connective tissue in structure and function, but its nutrient-storing function is much greater

A

adipose tissue

59
Q

produces heat and is a nutrient consumer (subcutaneous tissue between the two scapulae, on the side of the anterior neck, and on the anterior abdominal wall)

A

brown adipose tissue

60
Q

resembles areolar tissue, but the only fibers in its matrix are reticular fibers

A

reticular connective tissue

61
Q

fibroblasts that lie along the reticular network of reticular connective tissue

A

reticular cells

62
Q

similar to areolar tissue, but its collagen fibers are much thicker, and these fibers run in different lanes, allowing this tissue to resist strong tensions from different directions

A

dense irregular connective tissue

63
Q

all collagen fibers usually run in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull

A

dense regular connective tissue

64
Q

elastic fibers are the predominant type of fiber, and bundles of elastic fibers outnumber the bundles of collagen fibers

A

elastic connective tissue

65
Q

a firm but flexible tissue, consisting of up to 80% water

A

cartilage (description)

66
Q

the only type of cell in cartilage; each chondrocyte resides within a cavity in the matrix called a lacuna

A

chondrocyte

67
Q

rocklike hardness, tremendous ability to support and protect body structures; contains inorganic calcium salts, which enable bone to resist compression, and an abundance of collagen fibers, which allow bone to withstand strong tension

A

bone tissue (description)

68
Q

mature bone cells (post- secreting the matrix), inhabit cavities called lacuna in this hardened matrix

A

osteocytes

69
Q

atypical connective tissue, classified as such because it arises from mesenchyme and censists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving matrix, the liquid blood plasma

A

blood (description)

70
Q

consist of an epithelial sheet plus the underlying layer of connective tissue proper; are of three types: cutaneous, mucous, and serous

A

covering or lining membranes

71
Q

skin, a dry membrane consisting of the thick epidermis (epithelium) and dense dermis (connective tissue)

A

cutaneous membrane

72
Q

“lines the inside of enery holow internal organ that opens to the outside of the body (specifically, tubes of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems); many mucous membranes (but not all) secrete mucous; an epithelial sheet directly underlain by a layer of losoe areolar connective tissue called the lamina propria (““one’s own layer””)”

A

mucous membrane, or mucosa

73
Q

slippery membranes that line the closed pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; consists of a simple squamous epithelium, called mesothelium, lying on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue; produces a slippery serous fluid

A

serous membranes, or serosae

74
Q

bring about most kinds of body movements

A

muscle tissues

75
Q

elongated shape and contract forcefully as they shorten; contain many myofilaments, cellular organellse filled with actin and myosin filaments; three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

A

muscle fibers

76
Q

highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct electrical impulses

A

neurons

77
Q

cell processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron like branches of a tree, and transmit signals toward the cell body

A

dendrites

78
Q

singular, long cell process that generates nerve impulses and transmits them away from the cell body

A

axon

79
Q

supporting cells, nonconducting cells that nourish, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons

A

neuroglia

80
Q

accumulation of fluid

A

edema

81
Q

replacement of a destroyed tissue by new tissue of the same kind

A

regeneration

82
Q

proliferation of a fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue

A

fibrosis

83
Q

process by which the clot is replaced by granulation tissue

A

organization (repair)

84
Q

delicate pink tissue made of several elements: capillaries that grow in from nearby areas, and proliferating fibroblasts that produce new collagen fibers to bridge the gash

A

granulation tissue

85
Q

irritation of visceral organs can case them to adhere to one another or to the body wall as they scare, and can prevent the normal churning actions of loops of the intestine

A

adhesions

86
Q

relatively undifferentiated cells that renew themselves continually and divide to produce new tissue cells as needed

A

stem cells

Anatomy (42 decks)

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