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Anatomy > Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch15 > Flashcards

Anatomy_Key Terms_Ch15 Flashcards

1
Q

preganglionic neuron

A

first of a chain of two motor neurons in the ANS

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2
Q

preganglionic axon

A

aka preganglionic fiber, synapses with the second motor neuron, the postganglionic neuron

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3
Q

autonomic ganglion

A

preganglionic axon synapses with the postganglionic neuron in a perihperal _

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4
Q

postganglionic axon

A

aka postganglionic fiber, then extends to the visceral organs

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5
Q

sympathetic division

A

responsible for the fight-or-flight response

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6
Q

vasoconstriction

A

increased sympathetic input to the smooth muscle in some blood vessels stimulates contraction, producing _

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7
Q

parasympathetic division

A

“most active when the body is at rest, conerned with conserving body energy and directing vital ““housekeeping”” activities such as digestion and the elimination of feces and urine (““rest and digest””)”

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8
Q

thoracolumbar division

A

aka sympathetic fivision, fibers emerge from the thoracic and superior lumbar parts of the spinal cord

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9
Q

craniosacral division

A

aka parasympathetic division, fibers emergy from the brain and the sacral spinal cord

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10
Q

ciliary ganglion

A

postgonglionic cell bodies lie in the _, in the posterior part of the orbit just lateral to the optic nerve (oculomotor nerve III)

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11
Q

pterygopalatine ganglion

A

just posterior to the maxilla, preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neuranos in the _ (facial nerve VII)

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12
Q

submandibular ganglion

A

deep to the mandibular angle, preganglionic neurons synapse with the postganglionic neurons in the _ (Facial nerve VII)

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13
Q

otic ganglion

A

inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull, preganglionic neurons synapse with the postganglionic neurons in the _ (glossophoryngeal nerve IX)

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14
Q

cardiac plexus

A

vagus sends branches through the _ to the heart

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15
Q

pulmonary plexus

A

vagus sends branches through the _ to the lungs

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16
Q

esophageal plexus

A

vagus sends branches through the _ to the esophagus and into the stomach wall

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17
Q

celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

A

vagus sends branches through the _ and _ to the other obdominal organs (intestines, liver, pancrease, and so on)

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18
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

axons of these preganglionic (sacral parasympathetic) neurons run in the ventral roots to the ventral rami, from which they branch to form _

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19
Q

inferior hypogastric plexus

A

these preganglionic (sacral parasymathetic) nerves then run through an autonomic plexus in the pelvic floor, the _, to reach the pelvic organs

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20
Q

sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

located along both sides of the vertebral column from the neck to the pelvis

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21
Q

sympathetic trunks

A

aka symapthetic chains, long chains of sympathetic trunk ganglia linked by short nerves

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22
Q

white and gray rami communicantes

A

“(simgular communicans, ““communicating arm””, join the sympathetic trunk ganglia to the ventral rami of nearby spinal nerves; white _ lie lateral to gray _”

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23
Q

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

A

eight spinal nerves fuse into three sympathetic trunk ganglia, the _

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24
Q

stellate ganglion

A

”"”star-shaped””, inferior cervical ganglion usually fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the _ in the superior thorax”

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25
Q

collateral ganglia

A

aka prevertebral ganglia, differ from the sympathetic trunk gangnlia in at least three ways: they are not paired and are not segmentally arranged; they occure only in the abdomen and pelvis; and they all lie anterior to the vertebral column, mostly on the large artery called the abdominal aorta

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26
Q

thoracic splanchnic nerves

A

axons pass through the adjacent sympathetic trunk ganglia and travel in _ (greater, lesser, and least) to synapse in collateral ganglia in the large plexuses on the abdominal aorta<br></br>these ganglia include the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

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27
Q

inferior mesenteric plexus, aortic plexus, and hypogastric plexuses

A

postganglionic axons run in lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves to plexuses on the lower aorta and in the pelvis, namely, the _, _, and _

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28
Q

inferior mesenteric ganglia and inferior hypogastric ganglia

A

other preganglionic axons pass directly to these autonomic plexuses and synapse in collateral ganglia there, the _ and _

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29
Q

adrenal (suprarenal) gland

A

on the superior aspect of each kidney, and its internal portion is the adrenal medulla

30
Q

adrenal medulla

A

major organ of the sympathetic nervous system, a specialized sympathitc ganglion containing a collection of modified postganglionic neurons that completely lack nerve processes; these neuron-derived cells secrete great quantities of two excitatory hormones into the blood of nearby capillaries during the fight-or-flight response

31
Q

epinephrine

A

“aka adrenaline, excitatory molecule, produces the widespread excitatory effects known as a ““surge of adrenaline”””

32
Q

visceral reflex arcs

A

visceral sensory and autonomic neurons participate in _ including the defecation reflex and the micturition reflex

33
Q

“Raynaud’s disease”

A

characterized by intermittent attacks during which the skin of the fingers and toes becomes pale, then blue and painful, then red when the attack ends

34
Q

achalasia of the cardia

A

“condition in which some defect in the autonomic innervation of the esophagus results in a loss of that organ’s ability to propel swallowed food inferiorly”

35
Q

congenital megacolon

A

“or Hirshsprung’s disease, a birth defect in which the parasympathetic and enteric innervation of the distal region of the large intesting fails to develop nomally because migrating neural crest cells fail to reach this region”

36
Q

referred pain

A

the phenomenon where people suffering from visceral pain often perceive this pain to be somatic in origin, that is, as if it originated from the skin or outer body

37
Q

first of a chain of two motor neurons in the ANS

A

preganglionic neuron

38
Q

aka preganglionic fiber, synapses with the second motor neuron, the postganglionic neuron

A

preganglionic axon

39
Q

preganglionic axon synapses with the postganglionic neuron in a perihperal _

A

autonomic ganglion

40
Q

aka postganglionic fiber, then extends to the visceral organs

A

postganglionic axon

41
Q

responsible for the fight-or-flight response

A

sympathetic division

42
Q

increased sympathetic input to the smooth muscle in some blood vessels stimulates contraction, producing _

A

vasoconstriction

43
Q

“most active when the body is at rest, conerned with conserving body energy and directing vital ““housekeeping”” activities such as digestion and the elimination of feces and urine (““rest and digest””)”

A

parasympathetic division

44
Q

aka sympathetic fivision, fibers emerge from the thoracic and superior lumbar parts of the spinal cord

A

thoracolumbar division

45
Q

aka parasympathetic division, fibers emergy from the brain and the sacral spinal cord

A

craniosacral division

46
Q

postgonglionic cell bodies lie in the _, in the posterior part of the orbit just lateral to the optic nerve (oculomotor nerve III)

A

ciliary ganglion

47
Q

just posterior to the maxilla, preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neuranos in the _ (facial nerve VII)

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

48
Q

deep to the mandibular angle, preganglionic neurons synapse with the postganglionic neurons in the _ (Facial nerve VII)

A

submandibular ganglion

49
Q

inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull, preganglionic neurons synapse with the postganglionic neurons in the _ (glossophoryngeal nerve IX)

A

otic ganglion

50
Q

vagus sends branches through the _ to the heart

A

cardiac plexus

51
Q

vagus sends branches through the _ to the lungs

A

pulmonary plexus

52
Q

vagus sends branches through the _ to the esophagus and into the stomach wall

A

esophageal plexus

53
Q

vagus sends branches through the _ and _ to the other obdominal organs (intestines, liver, pancrease, and so on)

A

celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

54
Q

axons of these preganglionic (sacral parasympathetic) neurons run in the ventral roots to the ventral rami, from which they branch to form _

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

55
Q

these preganglionic (sacral parasymathetic) nerves then run through an autonomic plexus in the pelvic floor, the _, to reach the pelvic organs

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

56
Q

located along both sides of the vertebral column from the neck to the pelvis

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia

57
Q

aka symapthetic chains, long chains of sympathetic trunk ganglia linked by short nerves

A

sympathetic trunks

58
Q

“(simgular communicans, ““communicating arm””, join the sympathetic trunk ganglia to the ventral rami of nearby spinal nerves; white _ lie lateral to gray _”

A

white and gray rami communicantes

59
Q

eight spinal nerves fuse into three sympathetic trunk ganglia, the _

A

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

60
Q

”"”star-shaped””, inferior cervical ganglion usually fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the _ in the superior thorax”

A

stellate ganglion

61
Q

aka prevertebral ganglia, differ from the sympathetic trunk gangnlia in at least three ways: they are not paired and are not segmentally arranged; they occure only in the abdomen and pelvis; and they all lie anterior to the vertebral column, mostly on the large artery called the abdominal aorta

A

collateral ganglia

62
Q

axons pass through the adjacent sympathetic trunk ganglia and travel in _ (greater, lesser, and least) to synapse in collateral ganglia in the large plexuses on the abdominal aorta<br></br>these ganglia include the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

A

thoracic splanchnic nerves

63
Q

postganglionic axons run in lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves to plexuses on the lower aorta and in the pelvis, namely, the _, _, and _

A

inferior mesenteric plexus, aortic plexus, and hypogastric plexuses

64
Q

other preganglionic axons pass directly to these autonomic plexuses and synapse in collateral ganglia there, the _ and _

A

inferior mesenteric ganglia and inferior hypogastric ganglia

65
Q

on the superior aspect of each kidney, and its internal portion is the adrenal medulla

A

adrenal (suprarenal) gland

66
Q

major organ of the sympathetic nervous system, a specialized sympathitc ganglion containing a collection of modified postganglionic neurons that completely lack nerve processes; these neuron-derived cells secrete great quantities of two excitatory hormones into the blood of nearby capillaries during the fight-or-flight response

A

adrenal medulla

67
Q

“aka adrenaline, excitatory molecule, produces the widespread excitatory effects known as a ““surge of adrenaline”””

A

epinephrine

68
Q

visceral sensory and autonomic neurons participate in _ including the defecation reflex and the micturition reflex

A

visceral reflex arcs

69
Q

characterized by intermittent attacks during which the skin of the fingers and toes becomes pale, then blue and painful, then red when the attack ends

A

“Raynaud’s disease”

70
Q

“condition in which some defect in the autonomic innervation of the esophagus results in a loss of that organ’s ability to propel swallowed food inferiorly”

A

achalasia of the cardia

71
Q

“or Hirshsprung’s disease, a birth defect in which the parasympathetic and enteric innervation of the distal region of the large intesting fails to develop nomally because migrating neural crest cells fail to reach this region”

A

congenital megacolon

72
Q

the phenomenon where people suffering from visceral pain often perceive this pain to be somatic in origin, that is, as if it originated from the skin or outer body

A

referred pain

Anatomy (42 decks)

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