Chap 18, Endocrine System, Terminology, Combining Forms: Glands

Question 1

aden/o

Answer 1

gland

Question 2

adenectomy

Answer 2

Removal of a gland.

Question 3

adrenal/o

Answer 3

adrenal gland

Question 4

adrenalectomy

Answer 4

Removal of an adrenal gland

Question 5

gonad/o

Answer 5

sex glands (ovaries and testes)

Question 6

gonadotropin

Answer 6

Hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and testes).

Here, -tropin means to act on. Gonadotropins act on (stimulate) gonads. Examples of gonadotropins are follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH), secreted by the pituitary gland.

Question 7

hypogonadism

Answer 7

Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual development.

Deficiency of gonadotropins can produce hypogonadism.

Question 8

pancreat/o

Answer 8

pancreas

Question 9

pancreatectomy

Answer 9

Removal of the pancreas.

Question 10

parathyroid/o

Answer 10

parathyroid gland

Question 11

parathyroidectomy

Answer 11

Removal of the parathyroid glands.

Question 12

pituitar/o

Answer 12

pituitary gland; hypophysis

Question 13

hypopituitarism

Answer 13

Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland.

Pituitary dwarfism is caused by hypopituitarism.

Question 14

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 14

thyroid gland

Question 15

thyrotropic hormone

Answer 15

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) that acts on the thyroid gland. (TSH) thyroid stimulating hormone is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland the adenohypophysis.

Question 16

thyroiditis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the thyroid gland. May result from bacterial or viral infection, or an autoimmune reaction. Symptoms are throat pain, swelling, tenderness, and signs of hyperthyroidism. The condition may progress to destruction of the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism. In Hashimoto disease, or autoimmune thyroiditis, antibodies trigger lymphocytes to destroy follicular cells in the thyroid gland, producing hypothyroidism.