Wildland (WUI) Firescope Flashcards
The lexicon for contingency planning is?
P.A.C.E
P - Primary Plan [Offense]
A - Alternate Plan [Offense]
C - Contingency Plan [Defense]
E - Emergency Plan [Defense]
What are the seven tactical actions available to structure protection?
CHECK AND GO PREP AND GO PREP AND DEFEND FIRE FRONT FOLLOWING BUMP AND RUN ANCHOR AND HOLD TACTICAL PATROL
P.A.C.E.
P - Primary Plan [Offense]
Is focused on fire fighter safety
Is focused on mission objectives
Yields the most desirable results
(Manning hose lines to suppress the fire around a structure)
FIVE Levels of Engagement in firefighting
DRAW-D
D - Defend
R - Reinforce
A - Advance
W - Withdrawal
D - Delay
DRAW - D
D -
Defend – Holding actions, protecting priority areas
Protect the structures
Hold and improve the line
DRAW - D
R -
Reinforce – Bring more resources to bear
Add resources necessary to advance or defend
DRAW - D
A - Advance
A - Advance
Anchor and Flank
Direct or indirect attack
Active burnout operations
DRAW - D
W -
Withdraw –
Cease current activities until conditions modify
Abandon an established position or constructed line in response to an increase in fire intensity
Not a stigma, but a decision to move away from a threat
DRAW - D
D- (SECOND)
Delay –
Wait until the situation has modified sufficiently to allow a different level of engagement
Waiting for conditions to meet pre-identified triggers necessary to advance or defend
Not a lack of effort, but a conscious decision to maximize long term effectiveness
There are two basic structure environments in the wildland?
Interface
Intermix
Interface ?
a condition where structures abut the wildland.
Intermix?
WILDLAND STRUCTURE ENVIRONMENT
a condition where structures are scattered throughout a wildland area.
• There is no clear line of demarcation; the wildland fuels are continuous outside of and
within the developed area.
• Each structure must be assessed independently
• Usually more complex to triage than an interface condition
• Usually more complex to defend that an interface condition
• Usually requires a higher ratio of engines to structures than an interface condition
DEFINITIONS
a preplanned area of sufficient size and suitable location that is expected to
protect fire personnel from known hazards without using fire shelters.
Safety Zone
Examples of Temporary Refuge Area’s?
Lee side of structure
Inside of a structure
large lawn or parking area
cab of apparatus
Under “FIRE BEHAVIOR FORECASTING”
What’s the pneumonic used?
10 Standard Firefighting Orders
10 Standard Firefighting Orders
Incident Response Pocket Guide
Look Up, Look Down, Look Around indicators
Extreme Fire Behavior indicators (spotting, crowning, rate of spread)
Campbell Prediction System (CPS)
Know what the fire is doing at all times in order to maintain an accurate fire behavior forecast.
Know current weather conditions and forecasts. Consider wind speed, direction, relative humidity, temperatures
Observe current burning activity in order to predict flame length and intensity.
Consider local weather factors and fire history
Evaluate for wind shifts, micro-climates, weather indicators and hazards
Evaluate surrounding fuels for type, height, continuity, and conditions
What are three STRUCTURE TRIAGE CATEGORIES?
Not-Threatened
Threatened Defensible
Threatened Non-Defensible:
Water Use Guidelines
Keep at least 100 gallons of water reserve in your tank
Keep fire out of the heavier fuels
Extinguish fire at its lowest intensity, not when it is flaring up
Class A Foam/Gel Use Guidelines:
Direct Attack with Class A Foam – apply to the base of flame
Apply Class A Foam to structure (roof and siding) 10-15 minutes before fire arrives
Foam or gel the structure and the vegetation immediately surrounding the structure
STRUCTURE PROTECTION STRATEGIES (Who is responsible)
The IC or Operations Section Chief (when assigned)
WHAT ARE TACTICS?
tactics are the specific actions firefighters will take to accomplish the incident objectives.
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A “TACTICAL MANEUVER”?
changing from structure protection mode (defensive) to suppression mode (offensive) when fire behavior allows.
Clearances/Exposures/Defensible Space
STRUCTURE CLEARANCE?
Adequate clearance around structure-minimum of 100’ (steeper the slope the more clearance required)
Estimated Resources for Protection?
one engine per structure, one additional engine for every four structures to be used as “backup” and for patrol. For structures that are close together (50’ or less), one engine may be adequate to protect two structures.)
POWERLINE SAFETY
Maintain a 35’ distance from transmission lines
Spot fires or low ground fires can be fought with hose lines if heavy smoke or flame is not within 100’ of the power lines
Under Leaders Intent:
The first and foremost intent during structure protection is to?
keep firefighters and the public safe.
What is the 5 Steps in the Risk Management Process?
Step One - Situational Awareness Step Two - Hazard Assessment Step Three - Hazard Control Step Four - Decision Point Step Five - Evaluate
Structure defense firefighting in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is inherently dangerous because it is primarily associated with __________________?
In-direct Firefighting
Structure protection should start with a determination of the _______________?
exit strategy
Use of _________ as Levels of Engagement incorporates a “can do” attitude in every level of engagement and every level of engagement is equal in value to the overall effort as the other
DRAW-D
Maintain a _____ distance from transmission lines
35 foot
Spot fires or low ground fires can be fought with hose lines if heavy smoke or flame if not within ___ of the power lines
100 feet
When are “Anchor and Hold” tactics most effective?
Anchor and hold tactics are more effective in urban neighborhoods where the fire is spreading from house to house.
