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BC STUDY MATERIAL (Updated 2022) > Drill Manual "Building Construction" > Flashcards

Drill Manual "Building Construction" Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of foundations?

A

raised

concrete slab

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2
Q

Beams in a panelized roof is what size?

Spacing?

pg. 26

A

Size = 6” X 36”

Spacing = 12’ - 40’ apart

*may be bolted together to make 100’

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3
Q

What are the two types wood - framed walls?

A

ballon wall

platform wall

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4
Q

The horizontal member below a window?

A

Sill

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5
Q

Masonry uses:

A

walls of buildings

retaining walls

monuments

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6
Q

Two types of ceilings?

A

Conventional

Suspended

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7
Q

What’s the two most common materials used for exterior walls in commercial buildings in San Diego?

A

Concrete

Masonry

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8
Q

Metal Roof

  • strongest part of the roof?
A

at the bottom of the panels, where the battens are located

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9
Q

OSB:

A
  • newer type of paneling
  • cheaper
  • wood chips, flakes, sawdust glued together and pressed
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10
Q

A load that was not anticipated or planned for when the building was constructed?

A

undesigned load

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11
Q

Where’s the strongest part of a truss?

A

where the truss crosses or ties into the exterior wall

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12
Q

Deformation:

When a material does not return to the original shape?

A

Yielding

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13
Q

Concern with stone on buildings?

A

It’s heavy

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14
Q

The hazard of parging to firefighters is that it can____________________________that can compromise the buildings structural integrity.

A

hide cracks or other imperfections

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15
Q

What trussed arch will hold up well under fire conditions? pg. 25

A

ribbed arch truss

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16
Q

A series of wood beams placed perpendicular to other beams or trusses to support large area roofs and decking?

A

purlin

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17
Q

A load that passes through the center of mass of the supporting element and is perpendicular to the cross section?

A

Axial Loading

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18
Q

Does concrete perform well under tension? pg. 10

A

NO

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19
Q

Thin piles of wood, glued together to form wood panels; 4 X 8’ sheets?

A

PLYWOOD

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20
Q

Whats the weakest link when it comes to masonry construction?

A

The mortar

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21
Q

These walls support and separate two adjacent structures and may be either load bearing or non-load bearing. Usually found in an apt or condo. pg.17

A

Party Wall

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22
Q

Problems with Veneer Walls? pg.17

A

caution should be used around veneer walls because they can often be very heavy and are typically tied every 16’

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23
Q

Beams in a panelized roof is what size? Spacing?

A

size = 6” X 36”

Spacing = 12’ - 40’ apart

  • may be bolted together to make 100’
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24
Q

Joist size / Installed

A

2” X 4” X 8 feet; installed every 2’

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25
Q

Any structural component that transmits a compressive force or axial load? They may stand alone or be integrated into a wall to support beams or any vertical load?

A

columns

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26
Q

Why is pre/post tensioned concrete dangerous? pg. 10

A

the energy involved; compressive forces if it fails

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27
Q

This wall is one that supports the weight of the roof or any floors located above the wall to the foundation?

A

load bearing

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28
Q

Forces:

Causes the shortening of a material?

A

Compression

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29
Q

A load that is parallel to the cross section of the supporting member and does not pass through the long axis. Twisting is a result from this type of load?

A

Torsion Loading

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30
Q

Where do we see steel used in construction a lot ?

A

Stadiums
Skyscrapers
Bridges
Airports

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31
Q

This an exterior, non-load bearing wall more than one story in height. Commonly found on high-rise and commercial structure in the form of large glass panels?

A

Curtain wall

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32
Q

When did the raised foundations come into play?

A

Prior to 1950

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33
Q

Examples of Live Loads?

A

people, furniture, materials

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34
Q

Indications of a metal roof?

A
  • oversized metal trim; of 4’ X 6’ found on the fascia boards and the end caps.
  • will not break when you strike it.
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35
Q

An HVAC on a roof is what type of load?

A

Concentrated load

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36
Q

Components of a truss?

A

Top Chord
Bottom Chord
Web
Gusset Plates

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37
Q

What’s concrete greatest attributes? pg.10

A

withstands extremely high compression stress and weight

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38
Q

As a result of these loads, weight is transferred to other structural members as the structure reacts to the load placed upon it?

A

Imposition of loads

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39
Q

A steel beam will expand ____ of it’s length for every ______ degrees of heat?

A

expand 1%

*for every 1000 degrees applied

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40
Q

Veneer Walls

Problems:

A

caution should be used around veneer walls because they can often be very heavy and are typically tied every 16”

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41
Q

When a material displays large amounts of deformation before failure?

A

Ductile

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42
Q

Type IV Building

A

Heavy Timber

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43
Q

When a material returns to the original shape?

A

elastic

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44
Q

Metal Roof

Hazards:

A

Rapid & undetected fire spread under the new roof

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45
Q

Clues a structure may have a basement?

A

windows at street level

descending staircases

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46
Q

Forces:

Causes a material to tear or slide apart?

A

Shear

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47
Q

What happens to an object when enough stress has been placed on it?

A

Deformation will occur

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48
Q

What material performs better under fire conditions?

A

Concrete

49
Q

__________________ are commonly found in newer commercial and concrete tilt- up construction.

A

Parallel Trusses

50
Q

Size of a Purlin? pg. 27

A

4” X 12”

51
Q

The oldest material known to man?

A

Stone

52
Q

Fire Walls:

Characteristics?

A
  • identified by the parapets

- divides a building into separate areas

53
Q

What does masonry do under fire conditions? pg.10

A

expands / fails

54
Q

A load in motion caused by vibration, impact or acceleration?

A

Impact load

55
Q

A beam that supports other beams?

A

Girder

56
Q

What’s the most economical, versatile, and widely used construction material in use today?

A

concrete

57
Q

Tile Roofs

Hazards:

A
  • stability & signs of roof integrity are masked
  • slippery when wet
  • roof could fail quickly
58
Q

How can you determine approx. how tall a parapet wall is?

A

scupper holes

59
Q

A load that is perpendicular to the cross section of the supporting element and does not pass through the center of mass

A

Eccentric Loading

60
Q

How far apart are the studs in residential homes?

A

12, 16, and 24 inches

61
Q

A bottom horizontal member of a wall?

A

sole plate

62
Q

When vertically ventilating what’s critical about a Truss?

A

don’t cut the top chord it will fail

63
Q

Building materials commonly used:

A 
Stone
Masonry
Concrete
Steel
Wood
64
Q

________________ are most commonly known as “drop down” ceilings.

A

Suspended ceilings

65
Q

Purlins run which way? pg. 26

A

Perpendicular to the beams

66
Q

A beam that spans an opening over a doorway or window. Also, referred to as a “header”?

A

Lintel

67
Q

________ and _________ provide very little structural integrity to a building.

A

Doors and windows

68
Q

This structural element that transfers loads perpendicular to it’s length and is a KEY ELEMENT in roof construction?

A

BEAM

69
Q

Combination of steel and concrete is called?

A

steel - reinforced concrete

70
Q

Type I Building Construction

A

Fire Resistive

71
Q

Bowstring Construction

Hazards:

A

Failure of the metal tie rods and turnbuckles due to fire or heat

72
Q

Concrete walls are generally found in what type of buildings? pg. 15

A

Low-rise commercial

73
Q

A horizontal member of a wall?

A

Header

74
Q

What would be the cause of failure in a Ribbed Arch Truss?

A

metal fasteners and other components

75
Q

Roofs covered with plywood or OSB will fail faster than those roofs covered in what? pg. 25

A

1 X 6 sheathing

76
Q

Lightweight concrete roofs - Hazards

A

Hard to ventilate

77
Q

Where are plenum’s usually found?

A

commercial building offices (drop down ceilings)

78
Q

What’s the danger with suspended ceilings?

A

the metal wires suspending the ceiling tiles will fail to maintain their integrity and drop down

79
Q

Whats the first structural member that usually fails in a fire?

A

Roofs

80
Q

What are the (5) types of construction?

A 
Type I - Fire Resistive
Type II - Non-Combustible/Limited Combustible
Type III - Ordinary Construction 
Type IV - Heavy Timber
Type V - Wood Frame Construction
81
Q

Wooden “I” Joist constructed?

A

Top Chord

Bottom Chord

3/8” plywood or OSB stem

82
Q

A load that is applied to a small or specific area?

A

concentrated load

83
Q

Wood shingles are usually attached to what?

A

1” X 6” skip sheeting

84
Q

A load that has been calculated or anticipated by the architect or building engineer?

A

design load

85
Q

The heat generated by all the structural components of a building and its contents when it’s burning?

A

Fire Load

86
Q

Vertical studs that are found below a sill or above a header? pg. 15

A

Cripples

87
Q

New technologies have led to new composite building materials. These new materials have increased

A

the hazards of fire fighting in various ways; lowering flash points, creating toxic gases and failing quickly when exposed to heat

88
Q

Hazards associated with “tilt-up” construction?

A

If you are fighting a fire in a building with tilt-up construction and the roof collapses or fails, the walls will become very unstable and have a high likelihood of falling over

89
Q

When a material shows little or no deformation before failure?

A

Brittle

90
Q

What is Type II Building? pg. 32

A

non-combustible / limited combustible

91
Q

Why is OSB and plywood dangerous?

A
  • high glue, paraffin and wood flake content

- fails quickly under heat

92
Q

________ cover the underside of rafters, joists, and trusses to create a separation of space (attic) between a room and the roof�

A

Ceilings

93
Q

This construction is used widely in roads, railways, appliances, and buildings? pg. 11

A

Steel

94
Q

Type V Building construction

A

wood frame construction

95
Q

Causes the elongation of a material?

Forces:

A

Tension

96
Q

A beam that is supported at two points near its end?

A

Simple Beam

97
Q

Why does fiberglass insulation pose a challenge for firefighters?

A

smolders and retains high amounts of heat

98
Q

Where’s the collapse zone around a building?

A

1 1/2 times the building height at least

99
Q

What’s the weakest points in modern structures?

A

connections or fasteners

100
Q

Panelized Roofs

Hazards:

A
  • very heavy
  • 2 X 4 joists, plywood decking, and metal hangers fail rapidly when exposed to fire
  • expect collapse of a large portion of the roof
101
Q

Steel comes in what form?

A

I- beams

H - columns

Re-bar

102
Q

A top horizontal member of a wall? pg.15

A

Top plate

103
Q

Stones uses in SD?

A
  • decorative purposes
  • wall coverings
  • facades
104
Q

Type III Building

A

Ordinary Construction

105
Q

What’s the popular roof and building construction now days? pg. 26

A

lightweight building and roof construction

106
Q

Asphalt composite rolls comes in? pg.21

A

3’ X 30’

107
Q

A load which is applied equally over a wide or large area?

A

Distributed Load

108
Q

How has newer technologies increased the hazards of firefighters? When it comes to materials inside structures (fuels)?

A

lowering flash points of materials

increase in toxic gases

failing quicker than before

109
Q

These walls are used to improve the appearance of a building or structure and are usually non-load bearing in nature?

A

Veneer Wall

110
Q

What happens to steel when it gets heated?

A

expands/weakens very quickly

111
Q

A beam supported in 3 or more places? pg. 24

A

continuous beam

112
Q

What’s the two most common construction walls in residential and interior commercial structures?

A

wood walls

lightweight steel

113
Q

Hot mop & rock roofs

Hazards associated?

A

melt & burn

*fails quickly under heavy fire conditions

114
Q

Type V Construction? pg. 34

A

wood frame construction

115
Q

Dead Loads

A

Concrete

Steel

Glass

116
Q

This type of roof construction provides an alternative to the panelized roofing method and can be found in businesses such as Costco and Home Depot.

A

Parallel Trusses

117
Q

What construction was replaced with lightweight construction? It holds up well under fire conditions. pg.24

A

Conventional Roof Construction

118
Q

Horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, or beam to beam to support a ceiling, roof or floor?

A

joist

119
Q

These are forces that are placed upon structural components

A

LOADS

BC STUDY MATERIAL (Updated 2022) (174 decks)

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