Drill Manual "Building Construction" Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two types of foundations?
A
raised
concrete slab
2
Q
Beams in a panelized roof is what size?
Spacing?
pg. 26
A
Size = 6” X 36”
Spacing = 12’ - 40’ apart
*may be bolted together to make 100’
3
Q
What are the two types wood - framed walls?
A
ballon wall
platform wall
4
Q
The horizontal member below a window?
A
Sill
5
Q
Masonry uses:
A
walls of buildings
retaining walls
monuments
6
Q
Two types of ceilings?
A
Conventional
Suspended
7
Q
What’s the two most common materials used for exterior walls in commercial buildings in San Diego?
A
Concrete
Masonry
8
Q
Metal Roof
- strongest part of the roof?
A
at the bottom of the panels, where the battens are located
9
Q
OSB:
A
- newer type of paneling
- cheaper
- wood chips, flakes, sawdust glued together and pressed
10
Q
A load that was not anticipated or planned for when the building was constructed?
A
undesigned load
11
Q
Where’s the strongest part of a truss?
A
where the truss crosses or ties into the exterior wall
12
Q
Deformation:
When a material does not return to the original shape?
A
Yielding
13
Q
Concern with stone on buildings?
A
It’s heavy
14
Q
The hazard of parging to firefighters is that it can____________________________that can compromise the buildings structural integrity.
A
hide cracks or other imperfections
15
Q
What trussed arch will hold up well under fire conditions? pg. 25
A
ribbed arch truss
16
Q
A series of wood beams placed perpendicular to other beams or trusses to support large area roofs and decking?
A
purlin
17
Q
A load that passes through the center of mass of the supporting element and is perpendicular to the cross section?
A
Axial Loading
18
Q
Does concrete perform well under tension? pg. 10
A
NO
19
Q
Thin piles of wood, glued together to form wood panels; 4 X 8’ sheets?
A
PLYWOOD
20
Q
Whats the weakest link when it comes to masonry construction?
A
The mortar
21
Q
These walls support and separate two adjacent structures and may be either load bearing or non-load bearing. Usually found in an apt or condo. pg.17
A
Party Wall
22
Q
Problems with Veneer Walls? pg.17
A
caution should be used around veneer walls because they can often be very heavy and are typically tied every 16’
23
Q
Beams in a panelized roof is what size? Spacing?
A
size = 6” X 36”
Spacing = 12’ - 40’ apart
- may be bolted together to make 100’
24
Q
Joist size / Installed
A
2” X 4” X 8 feet; installed every 2’
25
Any structural component that transmits a compressive force or axial load? They may stand alone or be integrated into a wall to support beams or any vertical load?
columns
26
Why is pre/post tensioned concrete dangerous? pg. 10
the energy involved; compressive forces if it fails
27
This wall is one that supports the weight of the roof or any floors located above the wall to the foundation?
load bearing
28
Forces:
Causes the shortening of a material?
Compression
29
A load that is parallel to the cross section of the supporting member and does not pass through the long axis. Twisting is a result from this type of load?
Torsion Loading
30
Where do we see steel used in construction a lot ?
Stadiums
Skyscrapers
Bridges
Airports
31
This an exterior, non-load bearing wall more than one story in height. Commonly found on high-rise and commercial structure in the form of large glass panels?
Curtain wall
32
When did the raised foundations come into play?
Prior to 1950
33
Examples of Live Loads?
people, furniture, materials
34
Indications of a metal roof?
- oversized metal trim; of 4' X 6' found on the fascia boards and the end caps.
- will not break when you strike it.
35
An HVAC on a roof is what type of load?
Concentrated load
36
Components of a truss?
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
Web
Gusset Plates
37
What's concrete greatest attributes? pg.10
withstands extremely high compression stress and weight
38
As a result of these loads, weight is transferred to other structural members as the structure reacts to the load placed upon it?
Imposition of loads
39
A steel beam will expand ____ of it's length for every ______ degrees of heat?
expand 1%
*for every 1000 degrees applied
40
Veneer Walls
Problems:
caution should be used around veneer walls because they can often be very heavy and are typically tied every 16"
41
When a material displays large amounts of deformation before failure?
Ductile
42
Type IV Building
Heavy Timber
43
When a material returns to the original shape?
elastic
44
Metal Roof
Hazards:
Rapid & undetected fire spread under the new roof
45
Clues a structure may have a basement?
windows at street level
descending staircases
46
Forces:
Causes a material to tear or slide apart?
Shear
47
What happens to an object when enough stress has been placed on it?
Deformation will occur
48
What material performs better under fire conditions?
Concrete
49
__________________ are commonly found in newer commercial and concrete tilt- up construction.
Parallel Trusses
50
Size of a Purlin? pg. 27
4" X 12"
51
The oldest material known to man?
Stone
52
Fire Walls:
Characteristics?
- identified by the parapets
| - divides a building into separate areas
53
What does masonry do under fire conditions? pg.10
expands / fails
54
A load in motion caused by vibration, impact or acceleration?
Impact load
55
A beam that supports other beams?
Girder
56
What's the most economical, versatile, and widely used construction material in use today?
concrete
57
Tile Roofs
Hazards:
- stability & signs of roof integrity are masked
- slippery when wet
- roof could fail quickly
58
How can you determine approx. how tall a parapet wall is?
scupper holes
59
A load that is perpendicular to the cross section of the supporting element and does not pass through the center of mass
Eccentric Loading
60
How far apart are the studs in residential homes?
12, 16, and 24 inches
61
A bottom horizontal member of a wall?
sole plate
62
When vertically ventilating what's critical about a Truss?
don't cut the top chord it will fail
63
Building materials commonly used:
```
Stone
Masonry
Concrete
Steel
Wood
```
64
________________ are most commonly known as “drop down” ceilings.
Suspended ceilings
65
Purlins run which way? pg. 26
Perpendicular to the beams
66
A beam that spans an opening over a doorway or window. Also, referred to as a "header"?
Lintel
67
________ and _________ provide very little structural integrity to a building.
Doors and windows
68
This structural element that transfers loads perpendicular to it's length and is a KEY ELEMENT in roof construction?
BEAM
69
Combination of steel and concrete is called?
steel - reinforced concrete
70
Type I Building Construction
Fire Resistive
71
Bowstring Construction
Hazards:
Failure of the metal tie rods and turnbuckles due to fire or heat
72
Concrete walls are generally found in what type of buildings? pg. 15
Low-rise commercial
73
A horizontal member of a wall?
Header
74
What would be the cause of failure in a Ribbed Arch Truss?
metal fasteners and other components
75
Roofs covered with plywood or OSB will fail faster than those roofs covered in what? pg. 25
1 X 6 sheathing
76
Lightweight concrete roofs - Hazards
Hard to ventilate
77
Where are plenum's usually found?
commercial building offices (drop down ceilings)
78
What's the danger with suspended ceilings?
the metal wires suspending the ceiling tiles will fail to maintain their integrity and drop down
79
Whats the first structural member that usually fails in a fire?
Roofs
80
What are the (5) types of construction?
```
Type I - Fire Resistive
Type II - Non-Combustible/Limited Combustible
Type III - Ordinary Construction
Type IV - Heavy Timber
Type V - Wood Frame Construction
```
81
Wooden "I" Joist constructed?
Top Chord
Bottom Chord
3/8" plywood or OSB stem
82
A load that is applied to a small or specific area?
concentrated load
83
Wood shingles are usually attached to what?
1" X 6" skip sheeting
84
A load that has been calculated or anticipated by the architect or building engineer?
design load
85
The heat generated by all the structural components of a building and its contents when it's burning?
Fire Load
86
Vertical studs that are found below a sill or above a header? pg. 15
Cripples
87
New technologies have led to new composite building materials. These new materials have increased
the hazards of fire fighting in various ways; lowering flash points, creating toxic gases and failing quickly when exposed to heat
88
Hazards associated with “tilt-up” construction?
If you are fighting a fire in a building with tilt-up construction and the roof collapses or fails, the walls will become very unstable and have a high likelihood of falling over
89
When a material shows little or no deformation before failure?
Brittle
90
What is Type II Building? pg. 32
non-combustible / limited combustible
91
Why is OSB and plywood dangerous?
- high glue, paraffin and wood flake content
| - fails quickly under heat
92
________ cover the underside of rafters, joists, and trusses to create a separation of space (attic) between a room and the roof�
Ceilings
93
This construction is used widely in roads, railways, appliances, and buildings? pg. 11
Steel
94
Type V Building construction
wood frame construction
95
Causes the elongation of a material?
Forces:
Tension
96
A beam that is supported at two points near its end?
Simple Beam
97
Why does fiberglass insulation pose a challenge for firefighters?
smolders and retains high amounts of heat
98
Where's the collapse zone around a building?
1 1/2 times the building height at least
99
What's the weakest points in modern structures?
connections or fasteners
100
Panelized Roofs
Hazards:
- very heavy
- 2 X 4 joists, plywood decking, and metal hangers fail rapidly when exposed to fire
- expect collapse of a large portion of the roof
101
Steel comes in what form?
I- beams
H - columns
Re-bar
102
A top horizontal member of a wall? pg.15
Top plate
103
Stones uses in SD?
- decorative purposes
- wall coverings
- facades
104
Type III Building
Ordinary Construction
105
What's the popular roof and building construction now days? pg. 26
lightweight building and roof construction
106
Asphalt composite rolls comes in? pg.21
3' X 30'
107
A load which is applied equally over a wide or large area?
Distributed Load
108
How has newer technologies increased the hazards of firefighters? When it comes to materials inside structures (fuels)?
lowering flash points of materials
increase in toxic gases
failing quicker than before
109
These walls are used to improve the appearance of a building or structure and are usually non-load bearing in nature?
Veneer Wall
110
What happens to steel when it gets heated?
expands/weakens very quickly
111
A beam supported in 3 or more places? pg. 24
continuous beam
112
What's the two most common construction walls in residential and interior commercial structures?
wood walls
lightweight steel
113
Hot mop & rock roofs
Hazards associated?
melt & burn
*fails quickly under heavy fire conditions
114
Type V Construction? pg. 34
wood frame construction
115
Dead Loads
Concrete
Steel
Glass
116
This type of roof construction provides an alternative to the panelized roofing method and can be found in businesses such as Costco and Home Depot.
Parallel Trusses
117
What construction was replaced with lightweight construction? It holds up well under fire conditions. pg.24
Conventional Roof Construction
118
Horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, or beam to beam to support a ceiling, roof or floor?
joist
119
These are forces that are placed upon structural components
LOADS
