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BACTERIOLOGY > Water and Milk Bacteriology > Flashcards

Water and Milk Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Index of fecal contamination in drinking water

A

E. coli

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2
Q

Indicator organisms of contamination in water

A

Coliforms

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3
Q

10 Mandatory water parameters to be tested (DOH)

A

E. coli/coliform, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Nitrate, Color, Turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, disinfectant residue

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4
Q

Bacteriologic analysis of water

A

Total plate count; Presence/absence of coliform; MPN count

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5
Q

Methods of Microbiologic Water analysis

A

Multiple tube fermentation (MPN count), Membrane filtration, Defined substrate, Presence/absence of coliform, Pour plate method, Chromogenic substance

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6
Q

Chlorine residual presence in water

A

Indicates sufficient chlorine to inactivate bacteria/viruses and protect from recontamination during storage

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7
Q

Residual chlorine should be

A

2 mg/L 30 mins after addition of NaOCl; 0.2 mg/L 24 hours after addition of NaOCl in water

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8
Q

Neutralizes free chlorine in swimming pool water

A

Sodium thiosulfate

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9
Q

Incubation of broth/cultures

A

24-48 hours at 35°C (up to 44.5°C for thermotolerant E. coli)

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10
Q

Positive results in broths/cultures

A

ACID and Gas production in broths; characteristic coliform colonies in plated media

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11
Q

Indicators commonly used for acid production

A

Phenol red (yellow for acid production)

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12
Q

Indicators commonly used for gas detection

A

Durham tube (bubble for gas detection)

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13
Q

Multiple Tube Fermentation test (MTFT) Quantitative test reported in

A

Most Probable Number (MPN); determines coliform count and potability of water

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14
Q

Gold standard for MTFT

A

5 sets of test tubes; MPN calculated from a standard chart based on number of tubes with positive results

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15
Q

Positive result in MTFT

A

> 1.1 MPN/100 mL

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16
Q

Negative result in MTFT

A

<1.1 MPN/100 mL (indicates potable water)

17
Q

Stage 1: Presumptive test for water bacteriology

A

Lauryl Tryptose broth / Lactose broth + water sample (Incubate at 35°C for 24-48hrs); Acid and Gas production (+)

18
Q

Stage 2: Confirmatory test for Total Coliform

A

BGLBB medium or EC broth + inoculum from stage 1; gas production (+)

19
Q

Stage 2: Confirmatory test for Fecal Coliform

A

BGLBB medium or EC broth + inoculum from stage 1; gas production (+)

20
Q

Stage 2: Confirmatory test using EMB/Endo agar

A

EMB / Endo agar + inoculum from stage 1 (Incubate at 35°C for 24-48hrs); look for green metallic sheen

21
Q

Stage 3: Completed test

A

Lauryl Tryptose broth + inoculum → Gas production (+); LES Endo agar or MacConkey agar → Gram negative bacilli; IMViC for differentiation of coliforms

22
Q

Stage 3: Completed test using Lactose broth

A

Lactose broth + inoculum (from stage 2) Incubate at 35°C for 24-48hrs → look for acid and gas production

23
Q

Heterotrophic Plate Count

A

Negative: <500 CFU/mL; Dialysis water <200 CFU/mL; Estimates live heterotrophic bacteria in water

24
Q

Methods for Heterotrophic Plate Count

A

Pour plate method, Spread plate method, Membrane filter method

25
Q

Culture media for Heterotrophic Plate Count

A

R2A, NWRI agar, PCA

26
Q

Millipore water sampler

A

Detects coliforms in environment, food, and beverage (Incubate at 35°C for 24 hours); characteristic color forms in presence of coliforms

27
Q

Pathogenic bacteria in milk

A

Coxiella burnetti, Campylobacter, Brucella, Bacillus anthracis, Streptobacillus, Salmonella, Y. enterocolitica, Listeria, Vibrio, Mycobacterium bovis, E. coli (EHEC)

28
Q

Test that should be NEGATIVE; positive result indicates improper pasteurization

A

Phosphatase (ALP) test

29
Q

Analysis of Milk quality

A

Milk is serially diluted and plated in culture media for colony counting

30
Q

Milk quality Satisfactory result should be

A

comparable to Grade A milk

31
Q

Methods for Milk Quality Analysis

A

Somatic cell count (WBC count for infection), Agar plate count, Lab pasteurized count, Coliform count (fecal coliform)

32
Q

Dark background, Manual (Wolffheugel grids) or Automatic counter

A

Quebec Darkfield colony counter

33
Q

Light or Dark background, Pressure-sensitive counting, connected to computer/printer

A

SC6 Colony counter

34
Q

Manual counting of colonies in a plate, Traditional method like in Hemocytometer in Hematology

A

Tally counter

35
Q

Dye is reduced (decolorized) by oxygen-consuming bacteria; speed of reduction is directly proportional to the number of bacteria present

A

Methylene blue reduction test

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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