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BACTERIOLOGY > Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of Gram negative cocci

A

Catalase and Oxidase positive, Gram-negative diplococci, Capnophilic (5-10% CO2)

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2
Q

Fastidious/fragile organisms that are temperature-dependent and inhibited by fatty acid and increased SPS concentrations (0.025%)

A

Neisseria

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3
Q

Gram negative cocci culture should be held at

A

48 to 72 hrs in CO2 incubator before reporting as negative/no growth

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4
Q

Other Neisseria spp. characteristics

A

Environmental isolates, low virulence, associated with opportunistic infections

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5
Q

Reduced recovery for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

> 30 mins delay, use of cotton tip or calcium alginate swab, oil-based lubricant

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6
Q

Epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Spread through sexual contact (including anal, orogenital), mother-to-newborn during birth

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7
Q

Virulence factors for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Pili (T1-T5), Capsule, Endotoxin, Cell membrane proteins I-III, Protein II (Opa): adherence to phagocytic and epithelial cells, Protein II (RMP): blocks IgG, Porin (PorB): counters complements

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8
Q

T1 and T2 strains for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Virulent strains

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9
Q

Recommended fibers for N. gonorrhea recovery

A

Use Dacron or Rayon fibers

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10
Q

Diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gonococcal arthritis, Purulent urethritis, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Cervicitis, Pharyngitis, Anorectal gonorrhea, Conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) causing sterility, ectopic pregnancy, & perihepatitis (Fits-High-Curtis)

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11
Q

Specimens for PCR/NAAT for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Endocervical/urethral swab or urine

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12
Q

Microscopic appearance of Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Kidney-bean or coffee-bean shaped diplococci inside PMN

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13
Q

Transport media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Amies with charcoal, JEMBEC, Transgrow, Gono-Pack

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14
Q

Selective media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

GC-LECT agar

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15
Q

Cultural media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

CAP, TM, MTM, NYC

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16
Q

AST media for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Agar dilution, MHA + 5% defibrinated sheep blood

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17
Q

Presumptive test for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

4+ in Superoxol test (30% H2O2)

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18
Q

Definitive test for Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Culture and Carbohydrate utilization (CTA: positive in Glucose only)

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19
Q

Virulent strains of Neisseria meningitidis

A

A, B, C, Y, W-135

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20
Q

Transmission of Neisseria meningitidis

A

From respiratory droplets, close contact (dorms, prisons, shelters)

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21
Q

Virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis

A

Pili, Capsule, Endotoxin, IgA protease, Proteins like Por and Opa

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22
Q

Diseases associated with Neisseria meningitidis

A

Acute purulent meningitis, Bacteremia leading to thrombocytopenia, DIC, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, and shock

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23
Q

Specimens for Neisseria meningitidis

A

CSF, Blood, NPS, Skin

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24
Q

Cultural media for Neisseria meningitidis

A

BAP, CAP, TMA

25
Q

Biochemical tests for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Catalase and Oxidase +, Beta-galactosidase and GGT +

26
Q

CTA results for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Glucose and Maltose only

27
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Bleeding at adrenal glands

28
Q

Neisseria lactamica pathogenicity

A

Non-pathogenic Neisseria, low virulence

29
Q

Colony characteristics of Neisseria lactamica

A

Small and translucent colonies with yellow pigment

30
Q

CTA results for Neisseria lactamica

A

Lactose, Glucose, Maltose

31
Q

Fermentation and biochemical results for Neisseria lactamica

A

Lactose fermenter, ONPG +

32
Q

Neisseria sicca pathogenicity

A

Non-pathogenic Neisseria, low virulence

33
Q

Colony characteristics of Neisseria sicca

A

Dry wrinkled colonies exhibiting bread crumbs

34
Q

Growth conditions for Neisseria sicca

A

Grows on BAP and CAP at 25°C

35
Q

CTA results for Neisseria sicca

A

Sucrose, Glucose, Maltose, Fructose

36
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis colonization sites

A

Upper respiratory tract and female genitalia

37
Q

Transmission of Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Through respiratory droplets

38
Q

Beta-lactamase production in Moraxella catarrhalis

A

BRO-1, BRO-2 are responsible for penicillin resistance

39
Q

Diseases caused by Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Sinusitis, Otitis media, Upper respiratory infection, Pneumonia

40
Q

Colony characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Hockey-puck or old Wagon wheel appearance

41
Q

Biochemical tests for Moraxella catarrhalis

A

DNAse +, Beta-lactamase +, Butyrate +

42
Q

Growth conditions for Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Can grow on Nutrient agar

43
Q

Metabolism of Moraxella catarrhalis CTA

A

Asaccharolytic

44
Q

Carbohydrate utilization medium for

A

Cystine Trypticase Soy Agar

45
Q

Reagent used for carbohydrate utilization in

A

1% carbohydrate

46
Q

Indicator used in carbohydrate utilization test for

A

Phenol Red

47
Q

Incubation conditions for carbohydrate utilization test of

A

35-37°C for 24-72 hours in ambient air

48
Q

Positive result for carbohydrate utilization test in

A

Yellow color

49
Q

Negative control for carbohydrate utilization test of

A

Uninoculated CTA tube

50
Q

Rapid ID of M. catarrhalis

A

Butyrate/Tributyrin test

51
Q

Principle of Butyrate/Tributyrin test

A

Disk of Bromo-Chlor-indolyl butyrate + butyrate esterase → Indoxyl

52
Q

Incubation for Butyrate/Tributyrin test

A

22-25°C - 5 minutes

53
Q

Positive QC for Butyrate/Tributyrin

A

Blue/Indigo (M. catarrhalis)

54
Q

Negative QC for Butyrate/Tributyrin test

A

No color change (N. gonorrhoeae)

55
Q

Purpose of GGT or GGAP

A

ID of N. meningitidis

56
Q

Principle of GGT or GGAP

A

Gamma-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) + Gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase (GGT/GGAP) → p-Nitroaniline

57
Q

Incubation of GGT or GGAP

A

35-37°C - 4 hours

58
Q

Positive QC for GGT or GGAP

A

Yellow (N. meningitidis)

59
Q

Negative QC for GGAP or GGT

A

No color change (M. catarrhalis)

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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