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BACTERIOLOGY > Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli > Flashcards

Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of Corynebacterium spp., Listeria spp., Erysipelothrix spp., and others

A

Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli

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2
Q

Arrangement under the microscope short, slightly curved rods with rounded ends arranged in palisades (Chinese V, L characters, Babes-Ernst granules, Lamb strain)

A

Corynebacterium

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3
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae habitat

A

Not part of normal flora; found in the nasopharynx of carriers

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4
Q

Virulence factor of C. diphtheriae

A

Tox gene via transduction; diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell destruction

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5
Q

Biotypes of C. diphtheriae: Intermedius

A

Small, gray, translucent, β-hemolytic colony

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6
Q

Biotypes of C. diphtheriae: Mitis

A

Medium-sized, convex, smooth, black pigment, fried-egg appearance, β-hemolytic colony

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7
Q

Biotypes of C. diphtheriae: Belfanti

A

Medium-sized, grayish-black, opaque, β-hemolytic colony

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8
Q

Biotypes of C. diphtheriae: Gravis

A

Large, flat, glossy, grayish-black, daisy-head appearance, non-hemolytic colony

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9
Q

Toxigenic strains causes respiratory disease with gray-white pseudomembrane in the throat

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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10
Q

Non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes

A

cutaneous diphtheria (Velat sore/Barcoo rot) with nonhealing ulcers and infections in immunocompromised individuals

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11
Q

Presumptive test for Corynebacterium diphtheriae seen in agar

A

Brown-black colonies with gray-brown halo on Tinsdale agar

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12
Q

Media and nutrients for Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Tinsdale and Loeffler medium; requires cystine; no increased CO2 required

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13
Q

Tests for toxigenic strain identification in C. diphtheriae

A

ELEK immunodiffusion test, tissue culture, EIA, PCR, Schick skin test, Roemer test (Guinea pig virulence test)

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14
Q

Zoonosis and infections associated with cattle; causes diphtheria-like sore throat and pneumonia; linked to summer outbreaks and bovine mastitis

A

Corynebacterium ulcerans

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15
Q

Zoonosis and infections associated with sheep, goats, and horses; causes suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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16
Q

Bacteria that resemble colonies of C. diphtheriae; positive for urease and reverse CAMP test

A

C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis

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17
Q

Corynebacterium infections that is the colonizer of male genitourinary tract; causes prostatitis and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU); positive CAMP, glucose, and sucrose fermentation

A

Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum

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18
Q

Part of the normal flora and is also seen in skin of hospitalized patients in inguinal, axillary, or rectal sites; also intravenous catheters

A

Corynebacterium jeikeium

19
Q

Causative agent of septicemia, skin infections, malignancies, neutropenia, and infections in AIDS patients, catheters, prosthetic valves, CSF shunts

A

Corynebacterium jeikeium

20
Q

Growth characteristics of Corynebacterium jeikeium

A

Enhanced growth with lipids (add Tween 80 or serum); negative nitrate and urease tests

21
Q

Causative agent for septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and lung abscesses in immunocompromised patients; positive for nitrate and urease tests

A

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum

22
Q

Causative agent of UTI and wound infections in elderly and immunocompromised patients; growth characteristics of ehanced growth with lipids (add Tween 80 or serum); rapid urease positive

A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

23
Q

Characteristic finding in Corynebacterium urealyticum urine samples that is also seen in Proteus spp.

A

Struvite crystals

24
Q

Causative agent of erythrasma (superficial, chronic pruritic reddish-brown macules on skin); diagnostic feature of coral red fluorescence under Wood lamp

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

25
Q

Sources of includes meat, processed foods (ham, hotdogs, cold cuts, deli meats), soft cheese (Mexican-style, feta, brie, Camembert, blue-veined), vegetables, dairy products (milk), or colonized mother to fetus

A

Listeria monocytogenes

26
Q

Virulence factors of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Listeriolysin O (pore-forming toxin), Siderophores (iron acquisition), Phospholipase (WBC escape), E-cadherin (placental invasion), Internalin (induces phagocytosis), Act A (actin polymerization)

27
Q

Diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes

A

Systemic: Bacteremia; CNS: meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, spinal cord infections; Neonatal Listeriosis (Granulomatosis infantisepticum); Immunocompromised infections

28
Q

Microscopic morphology short gram-positive bacilli occurring singly or in short chains

A

Listeria monocytogenes

29
Q

Motility characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes

A

Tumbling motility in nutrient broth at RT (1-2 hours); Umbrella-like or inverted Christmas tree growth in SIM at 22-25°C

30
Q

Cold enrichment for Listeria monocytogenes

A

Specimen stored at 4°C for weeks to months

31
Q

Selective media for Listeria monocytogenes

A

PAL-CAM and McBride medium

32
Q

Diagnostic test for Listeria monocytogenes causing conjunctivitis in rabbits

A

Anton test (positive for purulent conjunctivitis)

33
Q

Positive tests for Listeria monocytogenes

A

Catalase, CAMP (block-type hemolysis), Voges-Proskauer, Esculin

34
Q

Negative tests for Listeria monocytogenes

A

H2S and Urease

35
Q

Causative agent of zoonosis in veterinarians, meat butchers, and fish handlers; causes erysipeloid or butcher’s cut

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

36
Q

Virulence factors of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Capsule, Neuraminidase, Hyaluronidase, Surface proteins

37
Q

Microscopic and culture characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Gram-positive short bacilli forming long filaments; Alpha-hemolytic on BAP

38
Q

Diagnostic features H2S positive in TSI; Test-tube brush or pipe-cleaner appearance in gelatin stab culture at 22°C; Negative catalase, oxidase, esculin, nitrate, urease

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

39
Q

Zoonosis associated with cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, and pigs; Reverse CAMP positive

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

40
Q

Microscopic features curved Gram-positive rods with pointed ends and rudimentary branching

A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

41
Q

Normal flora of vagina, GI tract, and mouth; pleomorphic and alpha-hemolytic on BAP

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

42
Q

Microscopic forms of Lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Pleomorphic: long chaining bacilli, coccobacilli, spiral forms

43
Q

Positive CAMP test and its result

A

Streptococcus agalactiae; Arrowhead hemolysis with S. aureus

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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