Obligate intracellular Nonculturabl Flashcards by pattie o.

Energy parasites/Obligate Intracellular, like gram-negative in a way that they have LPS as well in their cell wall

Chlamydia

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Antigenic variations of Chlamydia spp is due to

MOMP (Major Outer Membrane Protein)

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Metabolically Inert, Infective form, Inactive form of Chlamydia spp

Elementary body

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Intracellular, Active Replicating form of Chlamydia spp

Reticulate body

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C. trachomatis serovars for ocular trachoma

A, B, C

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C. trachomatis serovar for Pelvic inflammatory disease

D to K

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C. trachomatis - Lymphogranuloma venereum

Serovars L1, L2, L3

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1 Non-Gonococcal urethritis, #1 STD in U.S., Trachoma and Inclusion Conjunctivitis agent, Fits-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

C. trachomatis

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Best test for C. trachomatis

PCR/NAAT

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Best media for C. trachomatis

McCoy Cell Line

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Growth enhancer for C. trachomatis

Cycloheximide

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C. trachomatis specimen collection

plastic/metal shafts of swab (Endocervix, Vaginal, Urethral)

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Halberstadler-Prowazeik bodies - Glycogen-containing bodies

C. trachomatis

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Stain for C. trachomatis

Lugol’s iodine

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Test for Chlamydia antibody

Microimmunofluorescence

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Bacteria associated with Psittacosis, Ornithosis, Parrot fever, Pneumonia (Hacking cough) from inhalation of bacteria in bird’s droppings/feces

C. psittaci

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Sample of choice for C. psittaci

Sputum, NPS, OPS

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Media for C. psittaci

Mice or chick embryo

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Tests for C. psittaci

Microimmunofluorescence and PCR

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Inclusion bodies seen in C. psittaci

Levinthal-Lillicole bodies - Non-Glycogen containing

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Stain for C. psittaci

Macchiavello and Giemsa

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Bacteria associated with TWAR strain, Taiwanese Acute Respiratory Syndrome, associated with asthma and atherosclerosis

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

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Sample of choice for Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Sputum, NPS, OPS, bronchial wash

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Media of choice for Chlamydophila pneumoniae

HeLa or Hep-2

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Test of choice for Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Microimmunofluorescence and PCR

Stain of choice for C. pneumoniae

Giemsa

Bacteria associated with TWAR strain of pneumonia

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Bacteria associated with currant jelly-like sputum

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Bacteria associated with rust-colored sputum, #1 community-acquired pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Bacteria associated with Primary Atypical Pneumonia (PAP)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Bacteria associated with Broadstreet pneumonia

Legionella pneumophila

Bacteria with cell wall like a Gram-negative cell wall, Obligate intracellular, and non-cultivable in cell-free media

Rickettsia

Attachment to host cell of Rickettsia

OMP A and OMP B

Infection occurs after a bite of an infected arthropod vector

Rickettsia

Test for Rickettsia

NAAT (PCR) or Serology (e.g. Weil-Felix)

Spotted fever group of Rickettsia

R. africae, R. conorii, R. helionjiangesis, R. honei, R. japonica, R. rickettsi, R. parkeri, R. sibirica, R. slovaca

Typhus group of Rickettsia

R. prowazekii, R. typhi

Scrub typhus group

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Causative agent of African tick bite fever

R. africae

Causative agent of Mediterranean/Israeli/Boutonneuse spotted fever; Indian/Kenya tick typhus

R. conorii

Causative agent of Far-Eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis

R. helionjiangesis

Causative agent of Flinders Island spotted fever

R. honei

Causative agent of Japanese spotted fever

R. japonica

Causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

R. rickettsi

Causative agent of Mild illness of spotted fever group

R. parkeri

Causative agent of North Asia tick typhus

R. sibirica

Causative agent of Tick-borne lymphadenopathy

R. slovaca

Vector of spotted fever group

Ticks

Causative agent of Epidemic typhus and Brill-Zinsser disease (Recrudescent disease)

R. prowazekii

Vector of R. prowazekii

Lice

Causative agent of murine typhus

R. typhi

Vector of R. typhi

Fleas

Scrub typhus causative agent

Orientia tsutsugamushi

Scrub typhus vector

Chiggers

Causative agent of Human MONOCYTIC ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Causative agent of Human GRANULOCYTIC anaplasmosis

Anaplasma

Vectors of E. chaffeensis

Ticks (Ambylomma spp., Lone star tick)

Vector of Anaplasma

Ticks (Ixodes spp.)

Causative agent of sennetsu fever

Neorickettsia sennetsu

Neorickettsia sennetsu vector

Ticks

Gram negative coccobacillus which causes Q (Query) fever and can be Isolated from animals

Coxiella burnetti

Survives extracellularly and can only be grown in lung cells

Coxiella burnetti

Coxiella burnetti highly infectious - Phase

Phase I (Large cell variant)

Phase II of C. burnetti

Acting like a spore, extracellular (in the environment), Zoonotic infection with cattle, sheep, & goats

Biosafety level for C. burnetti

Level 3

Tests for C. burnetti

Shell vial culture using Human lung fibroblast, Serology - most common diagnostic tool, IFA - Reference method, PCR - more sensitive than serology

General characteristics: Long, slender, helically curved microaerophilic organism

Spirochetes

Platelet-like structure in the cell wall in which fibrils are attached in spirochetes

Insertion disks

Flagella-like organelles wrapped around the bacterial cell wall

Axial fibrils/Axial filaments/Endoflagella

Tight coiled bacteria

Treponema

Thicker loose coil bacteria

Borrelia

Thicker, Loose coil, Hooked ends (question mark appearance)

Leptospira

Comma-shaped/Helical, Tapered ends with 4 flagella on each end

Brachyspira (causes fecal, oral, ulcer abscess)

Hutchinson's triad

Deafness, Blindness, Notched peg-shaped teeth

Congenital syphilis causative agent

T. pallidum subs. pallidum

Spx for T. pallidum subs. pallidum in congenital syphilis

Blood or CSF

Test for T. pallidum subs. pallidum

X-ray, Immunologic test

Signs and symptoms associated with T. pallidum subs. pallidum

Hutchinson's triad, Bone malformations: Bulldog maxilla, Saber shin (tibia)

Primary syphilis signs and symptoms

Hunterian chancre/Hard Chancre in genitals

Spx for primary syphilis

Lesion, Swab/Aspirate

Test for primary syphilis

Dark-Field microscope, Culture

Condylomata lata rashes in palms and soles stage of syphilis

Secondary stage

Spx for secondary syphilis

Lesion aspirate, Serum

Test for secondary syphilis

Serology

Latent syphilis signs and symptoms

Not evident

Spx of choice for latent syphilis

Serum

Latent syphilis test

Serology

Tertiary syphilis signs and symptoms

Tissue-destruction; Granuloma-like lesions (Gummas). Cardiac and CNS problems, Neurosyphilis

Specimen for tertiary syphilis

Lesion, Blood, CSF, Serum, Tissues

Test for tertiary syphilis

Serology, PCR – Neurosyphilis in AIDS patient

Relapsing fever causative agent

Borrelia spp

Stained blood smear for B. burgdorferi

Giemsa stained

1st week of infection with Leptospirosis spx

Blood and CSF

2nd week of infection with Leptospirosis spx

Urine

Culture media for leptospirosis

Fletcher, Noguchi, EMJH media

Gold standard for leptospirosis

Microscopic agglutination (MIT/MAT)

Lyme's disease blood stain used

Acridine orange or Giemsa

Biopsy stain for Lyme's disease

Warthin-Starry stain

Spx for Lyme's disease

Blood, biopsy, CSF, urine

Culture for Lyme's disease

Chick embryo, Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly media

Confirmatory for Lyme's disease

Western blot

Lyme's disease causative agent

B. burgdorferi

Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum

Syphilis

Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue

Yaws or Fambresia tropica

Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum

Bejel or Endemic Non-venereal syphilis

Treponema carateum

Pinta or Carate

Treponema denticola and Treponema socranski

Gingivitis, Periodontitis

Borrelia recurrentis

Louse-borne/Epidemic/European relapsing fever

Borrelia hermsii, B. turicatae, B. duttoni, B. parkeri

Tick-borne/Endemic/American relapsing fever

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme’s disease

Leptospira interrogans

Leptospirosis / Infectious Jaundice / Weil’s disease

Stages of Lyme's disease - First stage

Bull's eye rash (erythema chronicum migrans), fever, malaise, joint pain

Stages of Lyme's disease - Second stage

Neurologic disorders (nerve palsy), meningitis

Stages of Lyme's disease - Third stage

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (recurring chronic arthritis), Demyelination symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and Multiple sclerosis