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BACTERIOLOGY > General Biology > Flashcards

General Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes (Prenucleus)

A

Single cellular except Cyanobacteria

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2
Q

Prokaryotes Domain 1

A

Bacteria (Environmental cyanobacteria/blue-green algae and Medically relevant bacteria)

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3
Q

Prokaryotes Domain 2

A

Archaea (Extreme habitats: high salt conc, jet fuel, high temperature)

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4
Q

Prokaryotes Characteristics

A

Circular chromosome, Cell wall with peptidoglycan

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5
Q

Eukaryotes (True nucleus)

A

Fungi and Parasites; Single or Multicellular organisms

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6
Q

Eukaryotes Characteristics

A

Linear chromosome, Cell wall with NO peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Infectious Particles

A

Viruses - Host-dependent infectious agents

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8
Q

Infectious Particles

A

Prions – Abnormal infectious proteins

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9
Q

TAXA

A

Domain – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species

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10
Q

Microbial Nomenclature

A

Binomial system; Latin/Greek-derived; Italicized or Underlined

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11
Q

Genus

A

First letter in UPPERCASE

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12
Q

Species

A

First letter in lowercase

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13
Q

Classification, nomenclature, and identification of organisms

A

Taxonomy

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14
Q

Variations in gene expression not caused by nucleic acid sequence similarities or differences

A

Epigenetics

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15
Q

Organizing microorganisms into groups based on similar traits

A

Classification

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16
Q

Methods providing microbiologists with relevant clinical information about a microorganism

A

Identification

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17
Q

Naming microorganisms according to ICNP rules

A

Nomenclature

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18
Q

Same species with same genetic make-up but with differential physiologic characteristics

A

Biotype/Biovar

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19
Q

A strain differentiated based on antigen types using specific antibodies

A

Serotype/Serovar

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20
Q

Specific version or subtype of an organism with minor differences

A

Strain

21
Q

Characterization of etiologic agents using molecular techniques during an outbreak

A

Strain Typing/Sequencing

22
Q

Macroscopic and microscopic morphology, staining characteristics, environmental & nutritional requirements, resistance profiles, antigenic & subcellular properties, chemotaxonomic properties

A

Phenotypic

23
Q

DNA base composition ratio, nucleic acid base sequence, average nucleotide identity (ANI), genome-to-genome distance

A

Genotypic

24
Q

Ability of a microorganism to produce disease in a host

A

Pathogenicity

25
Q

Degree of damage caused by a microorganism to the host; degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

26
Q

Growth of microorganisms that result in damage to host

A

Infection

27
Q

Ingestion of preformed bacterial toxins present in food

A

Intoxication

28
Q

Infection transmitted by direct contact between reservoir and host

A

Direct Transmission

29
Q

Infection transmitted to host via intervening agents (vectors or vehicles)

A

Indirect Transmission

30
Q

Results when infection produces notable changes in human physiology associated with damage or loss of function in one or more organ systems

A

Disease

31
Q

Result of regular interaction with animals for food production

A

Livestock-associated Infection

32
Q

Larger than normal number of diseased or infected individuals over a short period

A

Outbreak

33
Q

Epidemiologic investigation involving data collection to characterize circumstances surrounding disease or infection

A

Surveillance

34
Q

Father of microbiology; 1st microbiologist, 1st to describe bacteria

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

35
Q

Phenol as antimicrobial

A

Joseph Lister

36
Q

Father of Epidemiology

A

John Snow

37
Q

Proposed heat in killing bacteria (aseptic technique) and pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

38
Q

Father of Taxonomy

A

Carl von Linne

39
Q

Germ theory; Anthrax & Tuberculosis

A

Robert Koch

40
Q

Father of Handwashing/Hospital hygiene; 80% decline in nosocomial infections

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

41
Q

Endospore survival on boiling

A

Ferdinand Cohn

42
Q

Father of virology; discovery of virus; use of enrichment and selective media

A

Martinus Beijerinck

43
Q

Theory of chemolithotrophs; use of enrichment and selective media

A

Sergei Winogradsky

44
Q

Discovered HIV that causes AIDS

A

Luc Montagnier

45
Q

Developed >40 vaccines: against Hepatitis A and B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, S. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae

A

Maurice Hilleman

46
Q

Developed Gram stain technique

A

Hans Christian Gram

47
Q

Inventor of PCR

A

Karry Mullis

48
Q

Developed petri dish

A

Julius Richard Petri

49
Q

Use of agar culture media instead of gelatin

A

Fanny Hesse

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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