BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GROWTH REQ Flashcards
Obligate aerobe requirements
21% O2, 0.03% CO2
Usual incubator for obligate aerobe
Ambient air/Room air
Microorganisms in obligate aerobe
Fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Brucella, Bordetella
Obligate anaerobe requirements
0% O2, 5-10% H2, 5-10% CO2, 80-90% N2
Usual incubator for obligate anaerobe
Gas Pak Jar, AnaeroPack, Palladium, Brewer jar, McIntosh & Fildes
Microorganisms in obligate anaerobe
Clostridium, Bacteroides
Facultative anaerobe requirements
Do not require O2 but grow better with O2
Usual incubator for facultative anaerobe
Ambient air/Room air
Microorganisms in facultative anaerobe
Enterobacteria (Most pathogens)
Aerotolerant anaerobe requirements
Grow at the same rate with or without O2
Usual incubator for aerotolerant anaerobe
Ambient air/Room air
Microorganism in aerotolerant anaerobe
Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes
Bacteria’s dry weight
50% Carbon and 14% Nitrogen
Use Carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon
Autotrophs
Use light as source of energy
Phototrophs
Use inorganic compounds as source of energy
Chemolithotrophs
Require complex substances for growth; require organic substances for energy; clinically significant bacteria causing human infection
Heterotrophs
Psychrophiles/Cryophiles (0-20ºC); Refrigerator contamination
Listeria, Y. enterocolitica
Psychrophiles/Cryophiles (0-20ºC): Blood bank contamination: Y. enterocolitica, P. fluorescens, S. liquifaciens
Mesophiles (20-40ºC)
Room temp contamination; Blood bank: S. epidermidis, B. cereus
Thermophiles (40-60ºC)
Bacillus stearothermophilus - autoclave
Room temperature (20-25ºC)
Best for microbial pigment production; use sterile white swab to pick up colony
Incubator temperature
35-37ºC
Fungal cultures
30ºC
Cold enrichment (4ºC)
Listeria, Y. enterocolitica
Hot enrichment (42ºC)
Campylobacter
Acidophilic (<5.5 pH)
Lactobacillus acidophilus (Doderlein bacilli in vagina, Boas Oppler bacilli in GI tract)
Alkalinophilic (>8.0 pH)
Vibrio spp.
Bacterial vaginosis (alkaline pH)
Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp. (Gram-variable, curved anaerobic bacilli)
Salt-loving bacteria; require NaCl for growth
Halophiles
S. aureus salt tolerance amount
7.5% NaCl (MSA)
Enterococcus salt tolerance amount
6.5% NaCl broth
Vibrio spp amount of salt tolerance.
0, 3, 5, 8, 10% NaCl broth (All Vibrio are halophilic except cholera and mimicus)
Microaerophile requirements
5-10% O2 (decreased), 8-10% CO2 (increased), 85% N2
Usual incubator for microaerophile
Microaerophilic incubator or Jars
Microorganisms in microaerophile
Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Treponema, Borrelia
Capnophile requirements
5-10% CO2 (increased)
Usual incubator for capnophile
Candle Jar, Capnophilic incubator
Microorganisms in capnophile
Haemophilus, HACEK, Neisseria, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Indicators of anaerobiosis
Methylene Blue and Resazurin (With color = With Oxygen; Colorless = Anaerobiosis)
Special growth supplement for Haemophilus
X and V factors, IsoVitale X or Vitox
Special growth supplement for Legionella
Cysteine and Iron
Special growth supplement for Francisella
Cysteine and Cystine
Special growth supplement for Bordetella pertussis
Cysteine, Methionine, Nicotinic acid
Special growth supplement for Granulicatella and Abiotrophia
Cysteine and Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal)
Special growth supplement for Anaerobes (Bacteroides)
Hemin and Vitamin K
Special growth supplement for B. anthracis and Trichophyton fungus
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)