ANAEROBIC BACTERIOLOGY

Question 1

Swab is unacceptable for

Answer 1

Throat, NPS, Rectal, and others that require anaerobic culture

Question 2

Holding Temperature for Anaerobic Culture

Answer 2

Room Temp (20-25°C)

Question 3

Culture Media Examples for Anaerobic Culture

Answer 3

PRAS media, Reduced media, Robertson’s Cooked/Chopped Meat Media, Thioglycollate Broth, Anaerobic Blood Agar, AnaeroPak System, Gas Pak Jar System, Brewer Jar, McIntosh and Filde’s Jar, Boiling (removes O2)

Question 4

Indicator of Anaerobiosis

Answer 4

Resazurin and Methylene Blue

Question 5

Samples UNSUITABLE for Anaerobic Culture

Answer 5

Bronchial washing or brush, Coughed (expectorated) sputum, Feces (except for Clostridium difficile), Gastric or small-bowel contents (except in blind loop syndrome), Ileostomy or colostomy drainage, Nasopharyngeal swab, Rectal swab, Secretions obtained by nasotracheal or orotracheal suction, Swab of superficial (open) skin lesion, Throat swab, Urethral swab, Vaginal or cervical swab, Voided or catheterized urine

Question 6

Indicators of Anaerobic Bacteria

Answer 6

Foul odor, Sulfur granules, Brick red fluorescence on UV light, Double zone of hemolysis, Lack of Superoxide Dismutase

Question 7

Materials for Anaerobic Setting

Answer 7

Anaerobic incubator, Gas Pak Jar (Palladium pellets), Anaerobe bags/pouch (1-2 plates), Holding jars (pre-inoculation/pre-incubation plates are placed here), Anaerobic chamber or glove box – clear plastic chamber for media and materials used in workup/processing

Question 8

Common Name of C. perfringens

Answer 8

Gas gangrene bacillus

Question 9

Common Name of C. tetani

Answer 9

Tack head bacillus

Question 10

Common Name of C. botulinum

Answer 10

Canned goods bacillus

Question 11

Virulence Factor of C. perfringens

Answer 11

Encapsulated, Central to Subterminal spores, Histotoxin

Question 12

Virulence Factor of C. tetani

Answer 12

Terminal spore, Tetanospasmin (neurotoxin)

Question 13

Virulence Factor of C. botulinum

Answer 13

Subterminal spore, Neurotoxin

Question 14

Gold Standard Detection of C. difficile Toxin

Answer 14

Tissue/Cell culture

Question 15

Virulence Factor of C. difficile

Answer 15

Toxin A (TcdA) – Enterotoxin, Toxin B (TcdB) – Cytotoxin, Toxin C and Binary toxin

Question 16

Gram Stain Appearance of C. perfringens

Answer 16

Boxcar-shaped appearance (Critical value)

Question 17

Gram Stain Appearance of C. tetani

Answer 17

Drumstick, lollipop/racquet appearance

Question 18

Gram Stain Appearance of C. botulinum

Answer 18

With subterminal spore resembling tennis racket

Question 19

Gram Stain Appearance of C. difficile

Answer 19

Rods in chains up to 6 with oval spores

Question 20

Features double zone of hemolysis, Lecithinase positive on EYA, Nagler test positive, Reverse CAMP positive (Bow tie appearance)

Answer 20

C. perfringens

Question 21

Features swarming on BAP, Lecithinase negative, Signs and symptoms for diagnosis

Answer 21

C. tetani

Question 22

Features lipase positive on EYA, Mouse bioassay for toxin (BoNT) identification

Answer 22

C. botulinum

Question 23

Features yellow ground glass on CCFA, Horse manure odor on BAP

Answer 23

C. difficile

Question 24

Bacteria associated with Gas gangrene, Necrosis, Pig-bel disease

Answer 24

C. perfringens

Question 25

Bacteria associated with Tetanus, Lock jaw, Spasm, Trismus, Risus sardonicus, muscular rigidity and spasm

Answer 25

C. tetani

Question 26

Bacteria associated with Foodborne botulism (due to ingestion of toxin), Botulism, Floppy baby syndrome, Flaccid (rag doll) paralysis (due to ingestion of spores); blurred vision, slurred speech, dysphagia

Answer 26

C. botulinum

Question 27

Bacteria associated with antibiotic resistant hospital diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 27

C. difficile

Question 28

Kanamycin Vancomycin Colistin resistant

Answer 28

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 29

K and C= resistant; Vancomycin sensitive

Answer 29

Porphyromonas

Question 30

K and V resistant; Sensitive to colistin

Answer 30

Prevotella

Question 31

K and C sensitive, Resistant to vancomycin

Answer 31

Bacteroides ureolyticus, Fusobacterium, Veillonella

Question 32

K and V sensitive, Resistant to colistin

Answer 32

Clostridium

Question 33

Characteristics features - Black pigment and brick red fluorescence; dental biofilms

Answer 33

Prevotella (biofilms) and Porphyromonas

Question 34

Red fluorescence

Answer 34

Veillonella

Question 35

Beta-lactamase producer, Drug resistant KVC- RRR reactions, Survives in 20% bile, bacteremia, tissue infections, Brain and Liver abscess

Answer 35

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 36

Pits agar

Answer 36

Bacteroides ureolyticus

Question 37

Swarming

Answer 37

C. tetani, C. septicum

Question 38

Molar-tooth appearance on old colonies; spider-like wooly appearance of young colonies

Answer 38

Actinomyces israelii

Question 39

Breadcrumb colonies

Answer 39

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Question 40

Trench mouth Vincent’s angina

Answer 40

Borrelia vincentii

Question 41

Frequently encountered anaerobic gram positive cocci

Answer 41

Peptostreptococcus

Question 42

Most pathogenic anaerobic gram positive cocci

Answer 42

Finegoldia magna

Question 43

Nagler test is for inhibiting

Answer 43

C. perfringens (+) = loss or reduced opacity of antitoxin Lecithinase by antitoxin Media: EYA Reagent anti-toxin 35-36°C (48 hrs)