QUALITY CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

Internal activities ensuring diagnostic accuracy, defined as measures designed to ensure the medical reliability of laboratory data

Answer 1

Quality control

Question 2

External activities ensuring positive outcomes

Answer 2

Quality assurance

Question 3

Eliminates redundant motion, reduces waste, and focuses on client value

Answer 3

LEAN concept

Question 4

Six Sigma goal

Answer 4

“Reduces defects by minimizing process variation”

Question 5

Six Sigma methodology

Answer 5

“DMAIC: A process introduced by Motorola in 1986 to reduce defects by minimizing variation in processes through metrics measurement”

Question 6

Accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of reported test results

Answer 6

Laboratory quality

Question 7

TJC laboratory goals

Answer 7

“Improving patient identification

Question 8

ISO - Medical laboratory requirements for quality and competence

Answer 8

“ISO 15189:2007”

Question 9

ISO -General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

Answer 9

“ISO/IEC 17025:2005”

Question 10

ISO- General requirements for the competence of providers of proficiency testing schemes

Answer 10

“ISO/IEC 17043:2010”

Question 11

Pre-analytical stage steps in laboratory testing

Answer 11

Test order/requisition, Collection of samples, Transport

Question 12

Analytical stage steps in laboratory testing

Answer 12

Gram stain/Direct Microscopy, Culture, Screening test, Biochemical test, Confirmatory tests, QC, QA

Question 13

Post-analytical stage steps in laboratory testing

Answer 13

Review of result, Encoding in LIS, Critical values, Notifying physician, Disposal of agar plates

Question 14

Critical value indicating systemic infection

Answer 14

Positive blood cultures

Question 15

Critical value indicating CNS infection

Answer 15

Positive CSF Gram stain or culture

Question 16

Critical value indicating fungal infection in CSF

Answer 16

Positive Cryptococcal antigen test

Question 17

Critical value for identifying mycobacterial infection

Answer 17

Positive acid-fast stain

Question 18

Critical value in genital site of pregnant women

Answer 18

S. agalactiae or herpes simplex virus

Question 19

Critical value indicating parasitic infection in blood

Answer 19

Blood smear positive for malaria

Question 20

Critical value in surgical wound infections

Answer 20

Streptococcus pyogenes in a surgical wound

Question 21

Critical value suggestive of gas gangrene

Answer 21

Gram stain showing large boxcar-shaped gram-positive rods

Question 22

Critical value for respiratory or zoonotic infections

Answer 22

Significant pathogens (B. pertussis, Brucella, Legionella)

Question 23

QC monitoring for Gas Pak jar, Autoclave temperature

Answer 23

Each use

Question 24

QC monitoring (Catalase, Oxidase, Refrigerator, Freezer, Incubator, Anaerobic chamber)

Answer 24

Daily

Question 25

QC monitoring for (Gram stain, Antibiotic disks, Autoclave spore testing, Reagents)

Answer 25

Weekly

Question 26

QC for monitoring (Rheostat control, Face velocity of BSC)

Answer 26

Monthly

Question 27

QC for monitoring (Cleaning and adjustment of Microscope)

Answer 27

Quarterly

Question 28

QC for monitoring (Centrifuge speed, RPM)

Answer 28

Semi-Annually

Question 29

QC for monitoring (Airflow of biosafety cabinet, Biohazard hoods, Accuracy of balances)

Answer 29

Annually

Question 30

Gram stain control usage

Answer 30

Every batch or weekly

Question 31

Internal quality control components

Answer 31

Check reagents, MT staff performance, test validity

Question 32

External quality control includes

Answer 32

Check test methods, managed by RITM, DOH

Question 33

Positive control plate

Answer 33

Media with expected organism

Question 34

Negative control plate

Answer 34

Media without organism

Question 35

Classification of errors in AST reporting: adequate interpretation of the susceptibility test result

Answer 35

No errors in interpretation

Question 36

Classification of errors in AST reporting: Microorganism shows intermediate sensitivity to a given antimicrobial but is reported as susceptible or resistant; microorganism is susceptible or resistant but reported as showing intermediate resistance

Answer 36

Minor error (Mi)

Question 37

Classification of errors in AST reporting: classification as resistant of a susceptible strain (false resistance)

Answer 37

Major error (Ma)

Question 38

Classification of errors in AST reporting: classification as susceptible of a resistant strain (false susceptibility)

Answer 38

Very major error (Vma)

Question 39

ATCC strains used for Quality control of routine AST: antimicrobials against Gram-positive, Oxacillin Screen agar

Answer 39

S. aureus

Question 40

ATCC strains used for Quality control of routine AST: vancomycin BHI screen, assessment of thymidine levels in media

Answer 40

Enterococcus faecalis

Question 41

ATCC strains used for Quality control of routine AST: antimicrobials against gram negative

Answer 41

E. coli

Question 42

ATCC strains used for Quality control of routine AST against streptococci

Answer 42

S. pneumoniae

Question 43

ATCC strains used for Quality control of routine AST antimicrobials against anaerobes

Answer 43

Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Eubacterium lentum

Question 44

Stock culture maintenance: 10% DMSO, fetal bovine serum (as cryoprotectant) -70 deg C, Indefinite storage

Answer 44

Viruses

Question 45

Stock culture maintenance: Potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants 4 deg C 6-12 months

Answer 45

Molds

Question 46

Stock culture maintenance: Lowenstein-Jensen slants 4 deg C 1 year

Answer 46

Acid Fast bacilli

Question 47

Stock culture maintenance: Middlebrook 7H9 broth, -70 deg C for 1 year

Answer 47

Acid fast bacilli

Question 48

Stock culture maintenance: Trypticase soy agar (TSA) deeps, Schaedler broth with glycerol, Chopped meat for anaerobes, and Cystine Trypticase agar (CTA); -70 deg C for 1 year

Answer 48

Non-fastidious aerobic bacteria and yeasts

Question 49

Stock culture maintenance: Lyophilization (freeze-drying), 4 deg C, for several years

Answer 49

Aerobes and anaerobes

Question 50

Stock culture maintenance: Freezing at -70 deg C for several years

Answer 50

Aerobes and anaerobes

Question 51

Stock culture maintenance: Thawed, Re-isolated, Refrozen every 5 years

Answer 51

Frozen Non-fastidious bacteria

Question 52

Stock culture maintenance: Thawed, Re-isolated, Refrozen every 3 years

Answer 52

Frozen fastidious bacteria

Question 53

Stock culture maintenance: 1 vial per week is thawed and subcultured twice

Answer 53

In-use/Working culture

Question 54

Specimen time retention for urine

Answer 54

24 hours

Question 55

Specimen time retention for Microbiology stained slides; Body fluid and Smears

Answer 55

7 days

Question 56

Specimen time retention for Test Requisitions, Patient records, Culture media performance and sterility records, QC records, Retired Laboratory procedures

Answer 56

2 years

Question 57

Specimen time retention for Maintenance of records with billing concerns

Answer 57

10 years

Question 58

Specimen time retention for QC record of instrument

Answer 58

As long as instrument is being used

Question 59

Oversight of public health and safety including the laboratory

Answer 59

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Question 60

Regulation and Approval of in-vitro reagent kits

Answer 60

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

Question 61

Calibration of thermometer, weights and measures; International system of Units

Answer 61

NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

Question 62

Culture media quality control; Format of SOP manuals; Standardization of laboratory practice

Answer 62

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

Question 63

Control organisms used for AST (20 days testing)

Answer 63

American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)

Question 64

Licensing of Laboratories

Answer 64

Department of Health (DOH)

Question 65

Test kit or method validation, Proficiency testing, Bioterrorism investigation and confirmation along with CDC

Answer 65

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)

Question 66

Provides Research, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health. Certification of respirator masks (e.g. N95)

Answer 66

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Question 67

RITM NEQAS for Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycobacteriology Microscopy and Culture, SARS-CoV-2 Molecular frequency

Answer 67

Once a Year

Question 68

RITM NEQAS for Transfusion Transmissible infections (HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Malaria)

Answer 68

Twice a Year

Question 69

NRL for dengue, Influenza, TB, and other Mycobacteria, Malaria and other parasites, Bacterial enteric disease, Measles and other viral exanthems, Mycology, Enteroviruses, Antimicrobial resistance and engineering diseases

Answer 69

RITM

Question 70

NRL for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Syphillis and other STI's

Answer 70

San Lazaro Hospital (SACCL)

Question 71

NRL for environmental and occupational health; toxicology and micronutrient assay

Answer 71

East Avenue Medical Center

Question 72

NRL for Hematology including Immunohematology and Immunopathology and Anatomic Pathology

Answer 72

NKTI

Question 73

NRL pathology for Cardiac Disease

Answer 73

PHC

Question 74

NRL in anatomic pathology for pulmonary disease

Answer 74

LCP