Oxidase positive, Gram-Negative Bacili Flashcards by pattie o.

Genus associated with oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacilli

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Ralstonia

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Characteristics of oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacilli

Aerobic, Non-spore forming, Motile with polar flagella except Burkholderia mallei

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Agent of nosocomial infections, wound infections (blue pus), burn and diabetic patient infections, cystic fibrosis, and COPD patient infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Infection associated with dermatitis in hot tubs/Jacuzzi, ecthyma gangrenosum (black necrotic skin papules), and swimmer’s ear (malignant otitis externa)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Infection associated with contact lens solution contamination

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Swimmer’s itch causative agent

Schistosoma

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Tests positive for Catalase, Oxidase, Acetamide, and Cetrimide growth; Growth at 42°C; Grape-like odor (2-Acetaminophenone)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that inhibits host protein synthesis

Exotoxin A

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Virulence factor that degrades host elastin and disrupts cell membranes

Elastase, Phospholipase C

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Virulence factors disrupting the cytoskeleton

Exoenzyme S and T

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Pigments produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pyocyanin, Pyorubin, Pyoverdin, Pyomelanin

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Virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis via biofilm production

Alginate

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Mechanism for bacterial communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Quorum sensing

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Burkholderia species associated with infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Burkholderia cepacia

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Plant pathogen isolated from cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients

Burkholderia gladioli

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Burkholderia species causing severe zoonotic infection in horses (Glander’s disease)

Burkholderia mallei

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Burkholderia species known as Whitmore’s bacillus causing Melioidosis (Vietnamese time bomb or great mimicker)

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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Sample types for diagnosing Burkholderia pseudomallei infection

Throat swab, Rectal swab, Sputum

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Characteristic colony appearance of Burkholderia pseudomallei on Ashdown agar

Dry, Violet-purple, Wrinkled colony

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Ralstonia species associated with contamination of sterile fluids, sputum in CF patients, and urine

Ralstonia pickettii

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Ralstonia pickettii biochem results

Nitrate reduction +, Glucose oxidation +, Urease +

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Cupriavidus species recovered in CF patients, bacteremia, peritonitis, CSF; Urease positive

Cupriavidus pauculus

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Environmental Pseudomonas species forming Brown/Yellow adherent wrinkled colonies

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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Stenotrophomonas species associated with nosocomial/catheter-related infections

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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Key biochemical features of *Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*

Oxidase negative, Beta-lactamase +, LDC, DNase and Motility positive, Lavender green colonies on BAP, Ammonia odor

Acinetobacter species associated with drug-resistant nosocomial infections, ESKAPE pathogen

Acinetobacter baumannii

Key biochemical features of *Acinetobacter baumannii*

Oxidase negative, Catalase +, Lavender colonies on MAC, Oxidizer of carbohydrates

Characteristic morphology of *Acinetobacter baumannii*

Plump coccobacilli, Resist decolorization

Moraxella species associated with conjunctivitis

Moraxella lacunata

Key biochemical features of *Moraxella lacunata*

Gelatinase +, Liquefies/Digests Loeffler’s serum slant

Elizabethkingia species associated with neonatal meningitis, formerly Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Key biochemical features of *Elizabethkingia meningoseptica*

Produces flavin/yellow pigment, Oxidase +, DNase +

Chromobacterium species associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis

Chromobacterium violaceum

Characteristic features of *Chromobacterium violaceum*

Violacein pigment, Almond/ammonium cyanide odor

Causes whooping cough/100 days fever

Bordetella pertussis

Stages of Bordetella pertussis infection

Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescent stage

Prevention for Bordetella pertussis

DPT vaccine/DPaT acellular

Bordetella pertussis characteristics

Catalase +, Oxidase +

Best specimen for Bordetella pertussis

Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)

Bordetella pertussis virulence factor

"Pili"

Media for Bordetella pertussis

Potato Blood Glycerol, Bordet Gengou agar, Regan Lowe/Charcoal Cephalexin Blood agar, Casamino broth, Jones Kendrich

Oxidase (+), Urease (-) Bordetella species

B. pertussis

Urease (+), Growth on BAP (+) Bordetella species

B. parapertussis

Positive for Motility, Nitrate reduction, Oxidase, Urease, and Growth in Bordetella species

B. bronchiseptica

Animal and human pathogen, causes Undulant fever, Bangs disease, Gibraltar disease, Mediterranean fever, and animal abortion

Brucella spp.

Transmission for Brucella spp.

Ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese, inhalation through animal carcasses, needle-stick/skin abrasions, common lab-acquired infection through aerosols

Thionine inhibition test result for Brucella spp. (Inhibited by thionine)

B. abortus

Fuchsin inhibition test result for Brucella spp. (Inhibited by fuchsin)

B. suis and B. canis

Negative for thionine and fuchsin inhibition tests

B. melitensis

Rapid urease test result for Brucella spp.

Positive

Appearance in Gram stain for Brucella spp.

Sand appearance (very small)

Specimen type for Brucella spp.

Blood, bone marrow, tissues

Media used for culture for Brucella spp.

Castañeda broth, W (Wisconsin) medium

Growth requirements for Brucella spp.

Obligate aerobe, capnophilic, fastidious

Diagnostic test for Brucella spp.

Serum agglutination test

Deerfly fever, Rabbit fever

Francisella tularensis

Media required by Francisella tularensis

Cysteine & Cystine, Forshay skin test, Glucose Cysteine Blood agar, Peptone Cysteine agar

Condition caused by Pasteurella multocida

Cat-Bite fever

Characteristics of Pasteurella multocida

Oxidase, Catalase, Glucose, Indole +; Mushroom odor

Organism causing Cat-Scratch disease

Bartonella henselae

Causative agent of Cat-Scratch disease

Alfipia felis

Organism with gliding motility and fusiform-shaped Gram-negative

Capnocytophaga spp.

Conditions caused by Capnocytophaga spp.

Dog-bite infection, Periodontal disease

Organism causing Rat-Bite fever with helix-shaped appearance

Spirillum minor/minus

Vector for Oroya fever, Verruga peruana, Carrion’s disease

Sandfly

Appearance of Streptobacillus moniliformis in broth

Breadcrumbs and fluff balls appearance

Appearance of Streptobacillus moniliformis on agar

Fried egg appearance with dark center and lacy edges

Diagnostic test for Streptobacillus moniliformis

Dienes stain for Microscopy

Causative agent of Haverhill fever

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Diagnostic test for Legionella pneumophila

DFA to detect antigens in urine, respiratory samples, & tissues

Diseases caused by Legionella pneumophila

Broadstreet pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease), Pontiac fever (no pneumonia)

Whiff/Sniff test result for Gardnerella vaginalis

Fishy-amine odor

Characteristics of Gardnerella vaginalis

Gram-variable or gram-negative coccobacilli, Catalase neg, Oxidase neg, Inhibited by SPS, Hippurate positive, HBT agar

Condition caused by Gardnerella vaginalis

Bacterial vaginosis

Test confirming Gardnerella vaginalis infection

Nugent scoring system: Clue cells

Test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

HEMADSORPTION (using guinea pig RBC) from Edward Hayflick’s medium

Media for Mycoplasma pneumoniae culture

SP4 media with GLUCOSE or NYC agar

Diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia

Primary Atypical Pneumonia, Walking pneumonia, Pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO), Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Appearance of Mycoplasma hominis colonies

Mulberry/Fried egg colonies, embedded in media

Media for Mycoplasma hominis culture

SP4 media with ARGININE

Conditions caused by Mycoplasma hominis

Post-abortal, post-partum fever; HIV-associated cervicitis

Metabolic characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium

Glucose metabolism Positive, Arginine metabolism and Urease Negative

Conditions caused by Mycoplasma genitalium

NGU, PID, Prostatitis, Infertility, Sexually acquired arthritis, Enhances HIV transmission

Media for Ureaplasma urealyticum culture

SP4 media with UREA or NYC agar

Condition caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum

Urethritis (NGU), neonatal infection