Oxidase positive, Gram-Negative Bacili Flashcards

1
Q

Genus associated with oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacilli

A

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Ralstonia

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2
Q

Characteristics of oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacilli

A

Aerobic, Non-spore forming, Motile with polar flagella except Burkholderia mallei

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3
Q

Agent of nosocomial infections, wound infections (blue pus), burn and diabetic patient infections, cystic fibrosis, and COPD patient infections

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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4
Q

Infection associated with dermatitis in hot tubs/Jacuzzi, ecthyma gangrenosum (black necrotic skin papules), and swimmer’s ear (malignant otitis externa)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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5
Q

Infection associated with contact lens solution contamination

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

Swimmer’s itch causative agent

A

Schistosoma

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7
Q

Tests positive for Catalase, Oxidase, Acetamide, and Cetrimide growth; Growth at 42°C; Grape-like odor (2-Acetaminophenone)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

Virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that inhibits host protein synthesis

A

Exotoxin A

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9
Q

Virulence factor that degrades host elastin and disrupts cell membranes

A

Elastase, Phospholipase C

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10
Q

Virulence factors disrupting the cytoskeleton

A

Exoenzyme S and T

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11
Q

Pigments produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Pyocyanin, Pyorubin, Pyoverdin, Pyomelanin

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12
Q

Virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis via biofilm production

A

Alginate

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13
Q

Mechanism for bacterial communication in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Quorum sensing

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14
Q

Burkholderia species associated with infections in cystic fibrosis patients

A

Burkholderia cepacia

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15
Q

Plant pathogen isolated from cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients

A

Burkholderia gladioli

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16
Q

Burkholderia species causing severe zoonotic infection in horses (Glander’s disease)

A

Burkholderia mallei

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17
Q

Burkholderia species known as Whitmore’s bacillus causing Melioidosis (Vietnamese time bomb or great mimicker)

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

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18
Q

Sample types for diagnosing Burkholderia pseudomallei infection

A

Throat swab, Rectal swab, Sputum

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19
Q

Characteristic colony appearance of Burkholderia pseudomallei on Ashdown agar

A

Dry, Violet-purple, Wrinkled colony

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20
Q

Ralstonia species associated with contamination of sterile fluids, sputum in CF patients, and urine

A

Ralstonia pickettii

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21
Q

Ralstonia pickettii biochem results

A

Nitrate reduction +, Glucose oxidation +, Urease +

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22
Q

Cupriavidus species recovered in CF patients, bacteremia, peritonitis, CSF; Urease positive

A

Cupriavidus pauculus

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23
Q

Environmental Pseudomonas species forming Brown/Yellow adherent wrinkled colonies

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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24
Q

Stenotrophomonas species associated with nosocomial/catheter-related infections

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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25
Key biochemical features of *Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*
Oxidase negative, Beta-lactamase +, LDC, DNase and Motility positive, Lavender green colonies on BAP, Ammonia odor
26
Acinetobacter species associated with drug-resistant nosocomial infections, ESKAPE pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii
27
Key biochemical features of *Acinetobacter baumannii*
Oxidase negative, Catalase +, Lavender colonies on MAC, Oxidizer of carbohydrates
28
Characteristic morphology of *Acinetobacter baumannii*
Plump coccobacilli, Resist decolorization
29
Moraxella species associated with conjunctivitis
Moraxella lacunata
30
Key biochemical features of *Moraxella lacunata*
Gelatinase +, Liquefies/Digests Loeffler’s serum slant
31
Elizabethkingia species associated with neonatal meningitis, formerly Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
32
Key biochemical features of *Elizabethkingia meningoseptica*
Produces flavin/yellow pigment, Oxidase +, DNase +
33
Chromobacterium species associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis
Chromobacterium violaceum
34
Characteristic features of *Chromobacterium violaceum*
Violacein pigment, Almond/ammonium cyanide odor
35
Causes whooping cough/100 days fever
Bordetella pertussis
36
Stages of Bordetella pertussis infection
Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescent stage
37
Prevention for Bordetella pertussis
DPT vaccine/DPaT acellular
38
Bordetella pertussis characteristics
Catalase +, Oxidase +
39
Best specimen for Bordetella pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)
40
Bordetella pertussis virulence factor
"Pili"
41
Media for Bordetella pertussis
Potato Blood Glycerol, Bordet Gengou agar, Regan Lowe/Charcoal Cephalexin Blood agar, Casamino broth, Jones Kendrich
42
Oxidase (+), Urease (-) Bordetella species
B. pertussis
43
Urease (+), Growth on BAP (+) Bordetella species
B. parapertussis
44
Positive for Motility, Nitrate reduction, Oxidase, Urease, and Growth in Bordetella species
B. bronchiseptica
45
Animal and human pathogen, causes Undulant fever, Bangs disease, Gibraltar disease, Mediterranean fever, and animal abortion
Brucella spp.
46
Transmission for Brucella spp.
Ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese, inhalation through animal carcasses, needle-stick/skin abrasions, common lab-acquired infection through aerosols
47
Thionine inhibition test result for Brucella spp. (Inhibited by thionine)
B. abortus
48
Fuchsin inhibition test result for Brucella spp. (Inhibited by fuchsin)
B. suis and B. canis
49
Negative for thionine and fuchsin inhibition tests
B. melitensis
50
Rapid urease test result for Brucella spp.
Positive
51
Appearance in Gram stain for Brucella spp.
Sand appearance (very small)
52
Specimen type for Brucella spp.
Blood, bone marrow, tissues
53
Media used for culture for Brucella spp.
Castañeda broth, W (Wisconsin) medium
54
Growth requirements for Brucella spp.
Obligate aerobe, capnophilic, fastidious
55
Diagnostic test for Brucella spp.
Serum agglutination test
56
Deerfly fever, Rabbit fever
Francisella tularensis
57
Media required by Francisella tularensis
Cysteine & Cystine, Forshay skin test, Glucose Cysteine Blood agar, Peptone Cysteine agar
58
Condition caused by Pasteurella multocida
Cat-Bite fever
59
Characteristics of Pasteurella multocida
Oxidase, Catalase, Glucose, Indole +; Mushroom odor
60
Organism causing Cat-Scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
61
Causative agent of Cat-Scratch disease
Alfipia felis
62
Organism with gliding motility and fusiform-shaped Gram-negative
Capnocytophaga spp.
63
Conditions caused by Capnocytophaga spp.
Dog-bite infection, Periodontal disease
64
Organism causing Rat-Bite fever with helix-shaped appearance
Spirillum minor/minus
65
Vector for Oroya fever, Verruga peruana, Carrion’s disease
Sandfly
66
Appearance of Streptobacillus moniliformis in broth
Breadcrumbs and fluff balls appearance
67
Appearance of Streptobacillus moniliformis on agar
Fried egg appearance with dark center and lacy edges
68
Diagnostic test for Streptobacillus moniliformis
Dienes stain for Microscopy
69
Causative agent of Haverhill fever
Streptobacillus moniliformis
70
Diagnostic test for Legionella pneumophila
DFA to detect antigens in urine, respiratory samples, & tissues
71
Diseases caused by Legionella pneumophila
Broadstreet pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease), Pontiac fever (no pneumonia)
72
Whiff/Sniff test result for Gardnerella vaginalis
Fishy-amine odor
73
Characteristics of Gardnerella vaginalis
Gram-variable or gram-negative coccobacilli, Catalase neg, Oxidase neg, Inhibited by SPS, Hippurate positive, HBT agar
74
Condition caused by Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacterial vaginosis
75
Test confirming Gardnerella vaginalis infection
Nugent scoring system: Clue cells
76
Test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
HEMADSORPTION (using guinea pig RBC) from Edward Hayflick’s medium
77
Media for Mycoplasma pneumoniae culture
SP4 media with GLUCOSE or NYC agar
78
Diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia
Primary Atypical Pneumonia, Walking pneumonia, Pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO), Stevens-Johnson syndrome
79
Appearance of Mycoplasma hominis colonies
Mulberry/Fried egg colonies, embedded in media
80
Media for Mycoplasma hominis culture
SP4 media with ARGININE
81
Conditions caused by Mycoplasma hominis
Post-abortal, post-partum fever; HIV-associated cervicitis
82
Metabolic characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium
Glucose metabolism Positive, Arginine metabolism and Urease Negative
83
Conditions caused by Mycoplasma genitalium
NGU, PID, Prostatitis, Infertility, Sexually acquired arthritis, Enhances HIV transmission
84
Media for Ureaplasma urealyticum culture
SP4 media with UREA or NYC agar
85
Condition caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum
Urethritis (NGU), neonatal infection