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BACTERIOLOGY > Oxidase negative, Gram-Negative Bac > Flashcards

Oxidase negative, Gram-Negative Bac Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Enterobacterales

A

Oxidase negative, Gram-Negative Bacilli

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2
Q

Opportunistic pathogens except for overt/true pathogens

A

E. coli (Diarrheagenic), Salmonella, Shigella, Plesiomonas, and Yersinia

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3
Q

Non-motile members of Enterobacterales

A

Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia (motile at 25°C)

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4
Q

Oxidase positive exception in Enterobacterales

A

Plesiomonas

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5
Q

General biochemical reactions for Enterobacterales

A

Catalase (+), Nitrate reduction (+), Glucose fermenters

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6
Q

Rapid lactose fermenters (EEK)

A

E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

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7
Q

Late lactose fermenters (S.C.Se)

A

Serratia, Citrobacter, Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae (TSI may be K/A to A/A)

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8
Q

Non-lactose fermenters (SalShiYE HafPMP)

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Hafnia, PMP group

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9
Q

Enzymes in rapid lactose fermenters

A

β-galactoside permease and β-galactosidase

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10
Q

Enzymes in late lactose fermenters

A

β-galactosidase only

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11
Q

Enzymes in non-lactose fermenters (NLF)

A

No β-galactosidase

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12
Q

Kauffman-White classification for somatic antigen (O antigen)

A

Located in cell wall, heat stable, useful for E. coli and Shigella serotyping

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13
Q

Kauffman-White classification for flagellar antigen (H antigen)

A

Located in flagella, heat labile, useful for Salmonella serotyping

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14
Q

Kauffman-White classification for capsular antigen (Vi/K antigen)

A

Located in capsule, heat labile, useful for detecting K1 antigen of E. coli and capsular antigen of S. typhi

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15
Q

1 cause of community-acquired and hospital-acquired UTI, most common gram-negative healthcare-associated infections, and gram-negative sepsis

A

E. coli

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16
Q

2 cause of neonatal meningitis (K1 antigen + E. coli)

A

E. coli

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17
Q

1 in Traveler’s diarrhea, Childhood diarrhea, Montezuma’s revenge, Profuse watery diarrhea (Cholera-like diarrhea)

A

ETEC - Enterotoxigenic E. coli

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18
Q

Virulence of ETEC

A

Pili; Heat-Stable (ST) and Heat-Labile (LT) toxin; Cholera-like toxin (water and electrolyte secretion)

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19
Q

Strains for ETEC

A

E. coli O4, O8, O25

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20
Q

Oversecretion of cyclic adenosine monoPO4 (cAMP)

A

ETEC

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21
Q

EPEC (Enteropathogenic E. coli - mucoidal) Virulence Factor

A

Pathogenicity island virulence factors: Bundle of pili, intimin, toxins; Loss of microvilli

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22
Q

Clinical Manifestations of EPEC

A

Infantile diarrhea, Mucoidal diarrhea, Can be in Infant formula

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23
Q

Strains for EPEC

A

E. coli O55, O111, O114

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24
Q

EPEC is commonly seen in

A

infants in low-income nations

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25
Shigella-like E. coli
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
26
Virulence of EIEC
Invades large intestine in a manner identical to Shigella; Invasin toxin; Large plasmid (Sereny test +)
27
Clinical Manifestations of EIEC
Dysentery (necrosis, inflammation, and ulceration of large intestine); Shigella-like manifestations
28
Strain for EIEC
E. coli O124, O143, O164
29
EIEC is commonly seen in
Young children in areas with poor sanitation
30
Shiga-like toxin, Verotoxin/Verocytotoxin
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC, VTEC, STEC)
31
Disease caused by EHEC / VTEC / STEC
Bloody diarrhea, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (H.U.S.), Hemorrhagic colitis
32
Strains for EHEC / VTEC / STEC
E. coli O157:H7, O26
33
EHEC / VTEC / STEC is commonly seen in
Undercooked hamburger, unpasteurized dairy products, apple cider, bean sprouts, spinach, cookie dough
34
MUG Test - E. coli Positive
All E. coli shows electric blue fluorescence EXCEPT E. coli O157 (No fluorescence)
35
Growth on Sorbitol MAC
All E. coli ferments sorbitol (Pink) EXCEPT E. coli O157 (Colorless)
36
Detection of E. coli O157
Use O157 Anti-serum to type the bacteria
37
Virulence of EAEC (Enteroaggregative E. coli)
Clumped/aggregates in intestine through pili; Watery diarrhea, Stacked brick appearance
38
Virulence of DAEC (Diffusely-adherent E. coli)
Diffuse patterns on HeLa or Hep2 cells; Causes diarrhea mostly in children
39
#1 Cause of Uncomplicated UTI
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
40
K1 Antigen Positive E. coli
Meningitis/sepsis-associated E. coli (MNEC)
41
Condition
Details
42
Source of Contamination
Ingestion of contaminated poultry products (milk, eggs, dairy)
43
Main species of Salmonella spp.
Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori (animals)
44
Subspecies of S. enterica
S. enterica subsp. enterica (I): serotype Typhi, Enteritidis, Paratyphi A, B, C, Cholerasuis, Typhimurium
45
Other subspecies of S. enterica
S. enterica subsp. salamae (II), arizonae (IIIa), diarizonae (IIIb), houtenae (IV), indica (VI)
46
Non-motile Salmonella
Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Typhi
47
Salmonella not producing H2S
Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
48
Persistence of Typhi/Paratyphi
Gall bladder (gallstones)
49
Treatment for chronic carriers with gallstones
Cholecystectomy
50
Sampling for Salmonella (1st week)
Blood
51
Sampling for Salmonella (2nd-3rd week)
Stool
52
Sampling for Salmonella (3rd week)
Urine
53
Enteric fever (Typhoid) source
Contaminated food from food handlers that are carriers (Typhoid Mary)
54
Long-term carrier site for Typhoid
Gall bladder
55
Common cause of Enteric fever
S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi
56
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
Malaise, anorexia, myalgia, severe frontal headache
57
Complications of Typhoid Fever
Necrotizing cholecystitis
58
Hallmark for Typhoid Fever
Rose spots during the second week of fever
59
Stool characteristics in Typhoid Fever
Pea soup stool
60
Source of Contamination
Ingestion of contaminated poultry products (milk, eggs, dairy)
61
Main species of Salmonella spp.
Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori (animals)
62
Subspecies of S. enterica
S. enterica subsp. enterica (I): serotype Typhi, Enteritidis, Paratyphi A, B, C, Cholerasuis, Typhimurium
63
Other subspecies of S. enterica
S. enterica subsp. salamae (II), arizonae (IIIa), diarizonae (IIIb), houtenae (IV), indica (VI)
64
Non-motile Salmonella
Salmonella serotype Gallinarum and Typhi
65
Salmonella not producing H2S
Salmonella serotype Paratyphi A
66
Persistence of Typhi/Paratyphi
Gall bladder (gallstones)
67
Treatment for chronic carriers with gallstones
Cholecystectomy
68
Sampling for Salmonella (1st week)
Blood
69
Sampling for Salmonella (2nd-3rd week)
Stool
70
Sampling for Salmonella (3rd week)
Urine
71
Enteric fever (Typhoid) source
Contaminated food from food handlers that are carriers (Typhoid Mary)
72
Long-term carrier site for Typhoid
Gall bladder
73
Common cause of Enteric fever
S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhi
74
Symptoms of Typhoid Fever
Malaise, anorexia, myalgia, severe frontal headache
75
Complications of Typhoid Fever
Necrotizing cholecystitis
76
Hallmark for Typhoid Fever
Rose spots during the second week of fever
77
Stool characteristics in Typhoid Fever
Pea soup stool
78
Acute gastroenteritis (food poisoning) cause
S. enterica subsp. enterica
79
Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium
Contaminated peanut butter, crackers, and cereals
80
Signs and symptoms of acute gastroenteritis
Nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain
81
Biochemically inert bacteria closely related to E. coli
Shigella spp.
82
Mode of contamination for Shigella spp.
Four F's (Flies, Fingers, Food, Fecal)
83
Most virulent Shigella spp. and virulence factor
S. dysenteriae (subgroup A); Shiga toxin
84
Disease caused by S. dysenteriae (group A)
Bacillary dysentery
85
Biochemical reactions for S. dysenteriae
Negative for ONPG, Ornithine Decarboxylase, Mannitol fermentation
86
Common pathogenic isolate and virulence factor
S. flexneri; Pathogenic
87
Association with Gay bowel syndrome
S. flexneri
88
Biochemical reactions for S. flexneri and S. boydii
Positive for Mannitol fermentation, Negative for Ornithine Decarboxylase and ONPG
89
Virulence of Shigella boydii
Pathogenic, less incidence
90
Dysentery-causing Shigella spp.
S. boydii, S. sonnei
91
Biochemical reactions for S. sonnei
Positive for ONPG, Ornithine Decarboxylase, Mannitol fermentation
92
Handling encapsulated Shigella isolates
Capsule weakens agglutination. Suspend in saline, heat at 100°C for 15-30 mins, cool, and retype with antisera
93
Class A bioterrorism agent, Vector: Oriental rat flea, Reservoir: Rats (Non-motile, Urease negative)
Yersinia pestis
94
Most common form of Yersinia pestis - formation of buboes in the axilla or groin
Bubonic/Glandular plaque
95
Pulmonary plaque: pleural thickening with a holly leaf appearance, causative agent
Yersinia pestis
96
Infection through undercooked pork, pork intestine, vacuum-packed meat and chicken, dairy products like milk and chocolate, and handling pets
Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica
97
Motile at 25°C, Urease positive, Ornithine and Sucrose positive
Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica
98
Causative agent of Waterborne Enterocolitis (gastroenteritis), Appendicitis-like syndrome (Pseudoappendicitis)
Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica
99
Agent of rodents, Reservoir: Birds, Motile at room temperature, Urease positive, Ornithine and Sucrose negative
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
100
Human infection involves septicemia with lymphadenitis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
101
Pathogenic ingestion of contaminated seafood, oysters, shrimps, water; entry through skin cuts
Plesiomonas shigelloides
102
Plesiomonas shigelloides cross-reacts with
Shigella antigen (similar to E. coli)
103
Diarrhea, inflammatory bowel syndrome in HIV patients, neonatal meningitis, septicemia
Plesiomonas shigelloides
104
The only oxidase-positive member of Enterobacteriaceae
Plesiomonas shigelloides
105
IMViC reaction of Plesiomonas shigelloides is similar to
E. coli (IMViC: +, +, -, -; TSI: K/A H2S(-))

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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