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GRAM POSITIVE COCCI Flashcards

1
Q

Gram-positive cocci that form clusters

A

Staphylococcus

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2
Q

Gram-positive cocci that form tetrads or sarcinae

A

Micrococcus

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3
Q

Facultative anaerobe, glucose fermenter, resistant to 0.04 U bacitracin, sensitive to furazolidone (≥15mm), modified oxidase negative, sensitive to 200 g/L lysostaphin (10-16mm)

A

Staphylococcus

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4
Q

Aerobe, oxidizer, sensitive to 0.04 U bacitracin (10mm), resistant to furazolidone, modified oxidase positive, resistant to 200 g/L lysostaphin

A

Micrococcus

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5
Q

Other Gram-positive cocci with extremely low virulence and usually considered contaminants that also causes otitis and bacteremia

A

Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, Rothia, Dermacoccus, Aerococcus, Alloiococcus

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6
Q

Normal flora colonizers of anterior nares, nasopharynx, perineal area, skin, and mucosa

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis

A

Capsule, Slime layer, Biofilm

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8
Q

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor with affinity to Fc of IgG and complement (except IgG III)

A

Protein A

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9
Q

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor that activates IL-1 and complement

A

Peptidoglycan

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10
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus that disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels and is toxic to RBC, WBC, platelets, & hepatocytes

A

Alpha toxin

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11
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus that works with alpha toxin and hydrolyzes cell membrane

A

Beta toxin

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12
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus that is cytolytic to RBC (hemolysis)

A

Delta toxin

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13
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus that works with Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and kills WBC

A

Gamma toxin

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14
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus responsible for skin exfoliation

A

Exfoliatin toxin

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15
Q

Heat stable enterotoxin responsible for food poisoning

A

Enterotoxins A-E, G-I

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16
Q

Exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus that causes Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1)

17
Q

Coagulase and clumping factor of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Coagulase (clotting), Clumping factor

18
Q

Enzyme of Staphylococcus aureus that lyses the clot

A

Fibrinolysin (Staphylokinase)

19
Q

Spreading factor of Staphylococcus aureus involved in joint inflammation

A

Hyaluronidase

20
Q

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor that breaks down lipids and nucleic acids

A

Lipase, Nuclease, Penicillinase

21
Q

Skin diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome, Pemphigus neonatorum, Folliculitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles, Acne, Boil, Stye, Impetigo

22
Q

Food poisoning caused by preformed enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus

A

Acute food poisoning (2-6 hours onset)

23
Q

Tissue and systemic diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Wounds, Bacteremia, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis, Cerebritis, Pyelonephritis

24
Q

Laboratory diagnosis: Medium-large pinhead smooth convex opaque creamy yellow colonies on BAP

A

Staphylococcus aureus

25
Q

Selective agar for Staphylococcus aureus with yellow colonies and halo

A

MSA (Mannitol Salt Agar)

26
Q

Chromagar color for MRSA

A

Mauve-color

27
Q

Positive test for Staphylococcus aureus

A

VP, Slide and Tube Coagulase, DNase

28
Q

PCR gene used to identify Staphylococcus aureus

29
Q

Gold standard PCR gene for MRSA identification

30
Q

Negative tests for Staphylococcus aureus

A

PYR, Microdase

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus complex species

A

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus argenteus, Staphylococcus schweitzeri

32
Q

β-Hemolytic, Clumping factor positive, PYR positive, VP positive, Virulence factor is uncertain; probably like S. epidermidis) that causes Endocarditis, Bacteremia, Septic arthritis, UTI, Vascular catheter infections

A

Staphylococcus lugdunensis

33
Q

β-Hemolytic, Clumping factor positive, PYR positive, VP positive; Also causes Endocarditis, Septicemia, Osteomyelitis, Joint infections, Wounds

A

Staphylococcus schleiferi

34
Q

Virulence factors is uncertain; probably like S. epidermidis; causes endocarditis, bacteremia, peritonitis, UTI, Wound, Bone, Joints infection; PYR positive, VP positive

A

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

35
Q

Staphylococcus that is Novobiocin susceptible

A

S. haemolyticus

36
Q

Causative agent causing common infections such as nosocomial bacteremia from indwelling vascular catheters, endocarditis from prosthetic heart valve, infections from prosthetic joints, postsurgical ocular infection, vascular grafts, bacteremia in neonates under ICU

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

37
Q

Coagulase-Negative; virulence factors of Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Inhibit phagocytosis: Slime layer, Biofilm, Delta exotoxin

38
Q

Staphylococcus that is sensitive to Novobiocin (>16 mm ZOI)

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

39
Q

Common infection sexually-active young women urinary tract infection that is coagulase-Negative and resistant to novobiocin

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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