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BACTERIOLOGY > Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms > Flashcards

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and similar organisms

A

Gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains, Catalase and Oxidase negative, Facultative anaerobe

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2
Q

Classification of Streptococcus based on Rebecca Lancefield grouping

A

All except S. pneumoniae and Viridans group

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3
Q

Most common infection caused in human is caused by

A

Enterococcus

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4
Q

Pyogenic classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 37°C only: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

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5
Q

Viridans classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 37°C and 45°C: S. mutans, S. mitis

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6
Q

Lactic classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 10°C and 37°C: S. lactis

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7
Q

Enterococcus classification according to Academic/Bergey’s

A

Grows at 10°C, 37°C, and 45°C: E. faecalis

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8
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Pyogenic

A

Group A: S. pyogenes

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9
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Viridans

A

Group B: S. agalactiae

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10
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Lactic

A

Group C, G: S. dysgalactiae, S. equi

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11
Q

Lancefield Grouping: Enterococcus

A

Group D: Enterococci

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12
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Pyogenic

A

Alpha-hemolytic: S. pneumoniae

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13
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Viridans

A

Beta-hemolytic: S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae

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14
Q

Smith and Brown Hemolysis: Gamma-hemolytic

A

Gamma-hemolytic: S. bovis

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15
Q

Group A Streptococcus species

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

Pathogenic features of S. pyogenes

A

Always pathogenic, M protein (responsible for sequelae and binds Factor H), Protein F (epithelial cell attachment via fibronectin binding), Hyaluronic acid (inhibits phagocytosis), C5a peptidase (destroys chemotactic factors)

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17
Q

Characteristic that is oxygen labile, Antigenic, Subsurface hemolysis (stab)

A

Streptolysin O

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18
Q

Characteristics that is oxygen stable, Non-antigenic, Surface hemolysis (streak)

A

Streptolysin S

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19
Q

Other enzymes and toxins of S. pyogenes

A

DNase, Streptokinase (dissolves clots), Hyaluronidase, Pyrogenic exotoxin (causes Scarlet fever, erysipelas)

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20
Q

Causative agent of acute pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, scarlet fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

S. pyogenes

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21
Q

Post-streptococcal sequelae of S. pyogenes

A

Rheumatic fever, Acute glomerulonephritis (Bright’s disease)

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22
Q

Critical value in wounds

A

Presence of S. pyogenes

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23
Q

Diagnostic tests 0.040 U Bacitracin (Taxo A sensitive), PYR test (+, cinnamaldehyde), ASO titer, Dick’s test (susceptibility, reddish reaction), Schulz-Charlton test (immunity, anti-toxin)

A

S. pyogenes

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24
Q

Rheumatic fever mechanism

A

Antibody cross-reactivity of M protein to heart muscle (M protein Class I)

25
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis mechanism

A

Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in glomeruli (M protein Class I or II)

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of Rheumatic fever

A

Fever, endocarditis, subcutaneous nodules, polyarthritis

27
Q

Signs and symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis

A

Edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria (Bright’s disease, HS Type III)

28
Q

Group B Streptococcus species

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

29
Q

Normal flora percentage for S. agalactiae

A

10-30% of women

30
Q

Key infections caused by S. agalactiae

A

Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory distress, lethargy

31
Q

Virulence factor for S. agalactiae

A

Capsule, Activation of complement

32
Q

Laboratory diagnosis of S. agalactiae

A

CAMP test, Hippurate test (+), LIM, Todd-Hewitt, Granada, Carrot medium, CSF latex agglutination

33
Q

Group C Streptococcus species

A

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and others

34
Q

Normal flora locations for Group C Streptococcus

A

Skin, nasopharynx, GI, genital tract

35
Q

Infections caused by Group C Streptococcus

A

Pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, rheumatic fever, AGN

36
Q

Hemolysis type for Group C Streptococcus

A

β-Hemolytic

37
Q

Group D Enterococcus species

A

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium

38
Q

Virulence factors for Enterococcus spp.

A

Biofilms, Adhesins, Cytolysin, Hemolysin, Peptide inhibitors

39
Q

Infections caused by Enterococcus spp.

A

UTI, bacteremia, wound infections, abdominal region infections

40
Q

Lab tests for Enterococcus spp.

A

Positive in Bile esculin, 6.5% NaCl tolerance, and PYRase; grows on Enterococcosel agar

41
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology

A

Encapsulated bullet/lancet-shaped diplococci

42
Q

Infections caused by S. pneumoniae

A

Meningitis, CA-Pneumonia, Otitis media, Endocarditis

43
Q

Lab tests for S. pneumoniae

A

Optochin sensitive, Bile solubility, Neufeld quelling, CSF latex agglutination, Urine antigen test

44
Q

Colony morphology of S. pneumoniae

A

Alpha-hemolytic, mucoidal, umbilicate colonies

45
Q

Viridans Streptococci normal flora

A

Oral cavity, GI tract, female genitals

46
Q

Infections caused by Viridans Streptococci

A

Subacute endocarditis (S. sanguis), pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis (S. salivarius), dental caries (S. mutans, S. sobrinus)

47
Q

Lab features of Viridans Streptococci

A

Alpha-hemolytic, butterscotch smell on CAP, LAP positive, PYR negative

48
Q

Gemella haemolysans morphology

A

Decolorizes easily, may appear as Gram-negative cocci

49
Q

Infections caused by Gemella haemolysans

A

Endocarditis, meningitis, brain abscess, ocular infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis

50
Q

Hemolysis type of Gemella haemolysans

A

Alpha or Non-hemolytic

51
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. requirements

A

Cysteine and pyridoxal (Vitamin B6)

52
Q

Lab features for Abiotrophia/Granulicatella spp.

A

Do not grow on BAP; use CAP with pyridoxal disk, cross-streak with S. aureus, or supplemented Vitamin B6

53
Q

Aerococcus urinae infections

A

UTI

54
Q

Lab features of Aerococcus urinae

A

Positive in Hippurate and 6.5% NaCl tolerance; Negative in Bile esculin and PYR

55
Q

Leuconostoc and Pediococcus features

A

Low virulence, intrinsic vancomycin resistance

56
Q

Infections caused by Leuconostoc/Pediococcus spp.

A

Bacteremia, UTI, wounds, isolated from sterile fluids

57
Q

Lab feature differentiating Leuconostoc and Pediococcus

A

Pediococcus is LAP positive, Leuconostoc is LAP negative

58
Q

Helcococcus spp. infections

A

Bacteremia, empyema, prosthetic joint infections, skin/soft tissue infections (mostly foot infections)

59
Q

Lab features of Helcococcus spp.

A

Lipophilic, Vancomycin sensitive, PYR positive, LAP negative

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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