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BACTERIOLOGY > MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX > Flashcards

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX Flashcards

1
Q

Mycobacterium spp general characteristics

A

Acid-fast bacilli (with Mycolic acid), Aerobic, Agents of pulmonary and skin diseases

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2
Q

Tuberculosis high-risk groups

A

Poor, homeless, IV drug users, alcoholics, elderly

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3
Q

Pulmonary TB symptoms

A

Productive cough, hemoptysis, low-grade fever, night sweats, anorexia, weight loss

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4
Q

CXR findings for Pulmonary TB

A

Formation of Gohn lesion with granulomas/hard tubercles, giant cells (cellular fusion with multiple nuclei)

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5
Q

Spread of TB

A

Through lymphatic or blood causing Meningeal, Miliary, or Disseminated tuberculosis (common in immunocompromised)

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6
Q

Latent tuberculosis characteristics

A

No symptoms, no active disease, not transmissible

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7
Q

Pott’s disease

A

Tuberculosis spondylitis/skeletal tuberculosis (bone TB)

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8
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium caprae, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium mungi, Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium pinnipedii

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9
Q

Biosafety Level for Acid-fast smears and culture for NON-aerosolizing procedures

A

Biosafety Level 2

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10
Q

Biosafety Level for manipulation with aerosolizing procedures, opening centrifuge vial, adding reagents to biochemical tests, molecular tests, and sonication. After aerosolizing procedures, stand specimen for 15 minutes

A

Biosafety Level 3

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11
Q

Niacin Nitrate reduction Pyrazinamidase positive Mycobacteria

A

M. tuberculosis

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12
Q

Urease positive, T2H/TCH resistant Mycobacteria

A

M. tuberculosis

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13
Q

Urease positive, T2H/TCH sensitive Mycobacteria

A

M. bovis

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14
Q

Specimen for tuberculosis diagnosis DOH sputum

A

2 samples

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15
Q

Specimen for tuberculosis diagnosis according to Bailey

A

3 samples – each are 8 hours apart

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16
Q

Specimen of choice for mycobacterium for <12 years old

A

Gastric lavage

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17
Q

Specimen for immunocompromised individuals Mycobacteria

A

3 consecutive First-morning midstream clean catch urine, Stool (AIDS, M. avium complex = Immunocompromised patients)

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18
Q

Tissue samples (incubated at 35°C and 30°C) anticoagulants for M. tuberculosis

A

SPS, Heparin, or Citrate Blood culture, and CSF (tubercular meningitis - pellicle)

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19
Q

Digestion-Decontamination method 1 for Mycobacterium

A

NaOH method – 2-4% NaOH, both decontaminant and digestant

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20
Q

Digestion-Decontamination method 2 for Mycobacterium

A

Zephiran-Trisodium phosphate method

21
Q

Digestion-Decontamination method 3 for Mycobacterium

A

NALC-NaOH method – most commonly used for TB specimen processing; used in MGIT 960

22
Q

Reagent for TB specimen shelf life

A

1% Cetylpyridinium chloride – prolongs shelf life of sputum sample for up to 8 days

23
Q

Reagent for decontamination of thin samples like Urine

A

Sulfuric acid – Decontaminant for thin samples like Urine

24
Q

Reagent used for cystic fibrosis patients

A

Chlorhexidine – used for patients with cystic fibrosis (M. abscessus)

25
Q

Sterile specimen process

A

Centrifuge and use sediment for microscopy and culture

26
Q

Nonsterile specimen process

A

Liquefaction (NaCl)→ Decontamination (NaOH) → Neutralization (PO4 buffer)→ Centrifugation → use sediment for microscopy and culture

27
Q

Solid Media Egg-based/Opaque for Mycobacteria - source of energy

A

glycerol

28
Q

Purpose of Malachite green in egg-based/opaque media for mycobacteria

A

inhibitor of normal flora (M. avium complex)

29
Q

Examples of Egg-based/Opaque media

A

Lowenstein-Jensen (Inspissation for sterilization), American Thoracic Society (ATS) Medium, Petragnani medium (2x Malachite green heavy contam), Wallenstein medium

30
Q

Serum-based/Transparent media for Mycobacteria

A

Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 and Mitchison 7H11

31
Q

Component for protection of AFB against toxins

A

Albumin

32
Q

Hydrolysate for Isoniazid-resistant MTB

A

Casein

33
Q

Liquid Media for Mycobacteria

A

BACTEC 12B, Middlebrook 7H9

34
Q

Used for Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT 960) system

A

BACTEC 12B broth and Dubos Tween Albumin broth = Middlebrook 7H9

35
Q

Biphasic Media for rapid identification of Mycobacteria

A

SeptiCheK AFB

36
Q

Automated method for Mycobacteria using Middlebrook 7H12 and radioisotope

A

BACTEC 460 TB system

37
Q

Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT 960) system

A

Uses Middlebrook 7H9 with continuous monitoring system

38
Q

Digestion-Decontamination method for Mycobacteria in MGIT 960

A

NALC-NaOH

39
Q

Growth supplements for Mycobacteria in MGIT 960

A

OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase)

40
Q

Inhibitors for NTB in Mycobacteria culture

A

PANTA (polymyxin B, amphotericin B, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, azlocillin)

41
Q

Automated methods for Mycobacteria

A

BACTEC 460 TB System, Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT 960) system, BacT/Alert MB, versaTREK culture

42
Q

Immunologic Tests for Mycobacteria that uses skin hypersensitivity to induce erythema and induration; Poor sensitivity, & anergy on patients with HIV

A

Mantoux (cross reacts with BCG vaccine)/Tuberculin/PPD (Purified protein derivative) test

43
Q

Test for mycobacteria that do not cross-react with BCG vaccine and nontuberculous Mycobacteria

A

QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus

44
Q

POCT test kit for detection of intrathoracic and latent tuberculosis

A

LAM (LipoArabinomannan) assay

45
Q

Molecular assay for Mycobacteria

A

Gene Xpert MTB/RIF

46
Q

First-line/Primary Anti-Tubercular drugs (RIPES)

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin

47
Q

Resistant to at least two first-line anti-TB drugs classification

A

MDR-TB(Multidrug resistant - TB)

48
Q

Resistant to Isoniazid, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the 5 second-line TB drugs (Amikacin, Amithiozones, Bedaquiline, Ethionamide, or Capreomycin) classification

A

XDR-TB(Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis)

BACTERIOLOGY (49 decks)

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