Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Vision and Sensory > Flashcards

Vision and Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

Cataracts

A

Cloudy Lens

Gradual onset of painless blurry vision

Can end in blindness if left untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cataracts: Risk factors

A

Older age

Eye trauma

Congenital risk

Diabetes

Chronic Corticosteroid use

Smoking and ETOH consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cataract Manifestations

A

Painless

Blurry vision

Halo around lights

Altered color perceptions

Glare issues at night

Decrease accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A

40% of patients with DM over the age of 40 have DM retinopathy

2 types

Nonproliferative retinopathy

Proliferative retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diabetic Nonproliferative retinopathy

A

-Capillary microaneurysms, retinal swelling, hard exudate

-Macular edema - plasma leaks from macular blood vessels

-Capillaries rupture leading to “dot or blot” hemorrhaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diabetic Proliferative Retinopathy

A

-Advanced retinopathy

-New blood vessels are fragile and leaky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypertensive Retinopathy

A

High blood pressure creates blockages in retinal blood vessels

Initially there is no vision changes

Sustained, severe HTN can cause sudden visual loss related swelling of the optic disc and nerve

Normal vision is restored with treatment of the HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

Retina has tear or leak

Vitreous humor flows behind the retina

Rapid, progressive detachment from choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Detached Retina: RF

A

Usually spontaneous:
-Myopia (Near sight) (Can’t see far away)
-Over 40
-Traumas to the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Detached Retina

A

-Sudden, unilateral vision loss

-Painless

-May see floaters

-Flashes of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Age Related Macular degeneration

A

-Most common cause of irreversible vision loss in people over 60 in the US

Wet or dry ( know Slide )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Macular degeneration: Etiology and pathogenesis

A

Aging
Family history
UV light exposure
Hyperopia
Smoking
Light colored eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protective factors for macular degenerations

A

Dark green, leafy vegetable protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dry macular degeneration

A

Yellow deposits in the retinal pigment epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wet macular degeneration

A

Growth of new, leaky blood vessels in an abnormal location of the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Macular Degeneration Manifestations and treatment

A

Early: No symptoms

Late:
-Blurred and darkened vision
-Blind spots
-Distorted vision

Vision does not improve, treatment is limited.

17
Q

Glaucoma

A

Elevated intraocular pressure + vision changes or optic nerve damage

chronic condition

usually bilateral

18
Q

Open-Angle Glaucoma: RF’s

A

-Elevated IOP

-Older age

-AA’s 3x-4x higher risk

-Fx

-Myopia

-Diabetes, HTN, Migraines

19
Q

Open Angle Glucoma Pathogensis

A

Abnormal trabecular meshwork

Reduced drainage of aqueous humor into canal of Schlemm

Imbalance between inflow and outflow

Resutls in increase IOP and vision problems

20
Q

OA glaucoma: Clinical Manifestations

A

-Non usually

-Progressive loss of sight

-Vague eye pain

-Halos around lights

-Tunnel vision

21
Q

Closed Angle Gluacome

A

Less common

Abnormal angle between the iris and later cornea

Outflow is blocked when the pupil is dilated

22
Q

Closed angle Glaucoma: RF

A

Asian american
Females
Hyperopia
Fx
Older age

23
Q

What triggers acute episode

A

Anticholinergics (And there are tons)

24
Q

Acute closed angle glaucoma: clinical manifestations

A

-Typically unilateral

-Severe eye pain

-Nausea and vomiting

-Blurry vision, halos

-Reddened eyes

-Dilated pupil-non reactive to light

-Cloudy cornea

25
Q

Glaucoma and Blindness

A

-Due to increase IOP

More pressure on inner eye structures

Decrease blood flow to optic nerve leads to nerve fiber death

Nerve fiber death is blindness

26
Q

Pharmacotherapy for glaucoma

A

Drugs that decrease aqueous humor production

Increase aqueous humor drainage or both

For acute-agnel crisis: Must treat with surgical intervention

27
Q

First line therapies: Drops in the eyes for glaucoma

A

Beta blocker

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

Prostaglandin analogs

28
Q

Optic topical agents

A

Keep them localized

Used nasolacrimal pressure with instillation

Helps prevent systemic effects

Hold pressure for 2 mins

29
Q

Meniere Disease

A

Endolymphatic hydrops

Episodic disorder of the middle ear

Can be unilateral or bilateral

Excessive endolymph and pressure in the membranes disrupt vestibular (balance) and hearing functions

30
Q

Meniere Disease: Clinical Manifestations

A

Recurring episodes of vertigo (usually nausea and vomiting), hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and feeling fullness

31
Q

Meniere Disease: Treatment

A

Symptomatic

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions