Valve Disease (Exam 3) Flashcards
Heart Valves
1 = Tricuspid Valve
2 = Pulmonary Valve
3 = Mitral Valve
4 = Aortic Valve
TPMA
Which valves only have two leaflets
the mitral valve
Valve Abnormalities
Wear and tear
Calcification
Pannus (Ring) (Don’t open and close completely)
Endocarditis (Infection of valve)
Thrombus (Clot Formation on Valve)
What can we see with any valve abnormalites
Stenosis or Regurgitation
Stenosis of valve
Very tight and hard for the blood to get through them effectively
Aortic valve most common
Regurgitation of valve
Very loose and the blood flows backward with increased pressures
Blood flowing backward and in both directions
Aortic Stenosis
Blood is unable to flow freely from the left ventricle to the aorta
Aortic Stenosis: S/S
Asymptomatic until severe then:
Syncope
Light Headed (Not enough blood to brain)
Chest pain (Aortic stenosis is not letting vessel getting blood supply)
Mitral Regurgitations: S/S
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
When the ventricle pumps the blood is flowing backward into pulmonary vein
NO CHEST PAIN
Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Vegetations on the valves in endocarditis can become septic emboli
Vegetations do not allows valves to open and grow properly and pieces break off and travel to other places
Most common valve for IE
Tricupsid valve common. So the vegetations can travel to the lungs (PE).
Infective Endocarditis: RF
Prosthetic Valve
Pacemaker-associated (Wires allow bacteria to grow)
IVDA (IV drug abuse)
Infective Endocarditis (Symptoms)
Fever
Chills
Anorexia
Weight Loss
Heart Murmurs
Arthralgias: Joint Pain
Ischemia or infarction: Depending on which valve is infected
Septic Emboli
Microorganisms travel into the heart, adhere to damaged endothelial tissues, and attract WBC and platelets, which release cytokines and coagulation factors
Simulation of the coag cascade result in fibrin depostion and development of vegetation
Vegetations are most commonly found on valve leaflets
Fragments can embolize into circulation and initiate infection or ischemia in remote tissues
Classic Clinical Manifestations of Septic Emboli
Petechiae
Splinter hemorrhages: Linear streak in nail beds
Janeway lesions: Red palms and soles of feet
Osler nodes: Subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of the finger tips
Roth spots: Oval retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Splinter hemorrhages
Linear streak in nail bed
Janeway lesions
Red palms and soles of feet?
Oslor nodes
Nodules on the tip of fingeres
Roth spots
Oval retinal hemorrhages
Most common bacteria in IE with IVDU
Stap. Aruas
