Endocrine pt. 2 (Exam 3)

Question 1

Adrenal Medulla Disorder

Answer 1

Pheochromocytoma

Question 2

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 2

Rare tumor of the adrenal medulla that produces excessive catecholamines (Epi and Nor Epi)

Question 3

Pheochromocytoma: RF’s

Answer 3

Young middle age: 90% benign

Question 4

Pheochromocytoma: Pathogenesis

Answer 4

SNS stimulation –> excessive release of EPI and NORepi

Question 5

Pheochromocytoma: Clinical Manifestation

Answer 5

HYPERTENSION

TRIOLOGY
HA
Tachycardia
Diaphoresis

Question 6

Pheochromocytoma: Therapy

Answer 6

Preferred treatment = Surgery

phenoxybenzamine = until surgery begins

Question 7

ADH: What is it? What is it released in response of?

Answer 7

Antidiuretic Hormone

Released in response to high serum osmolality and/or hypotension

STOPPING THE PEE

Question 8

ADH: Functions

Answer 8

Causes water retention via action in the kidneys and increases our blood pressure

Question 9

SIADH

Answer 9

Syndrome of inappropriate AntiDiuretic Hormone

An abnormal production or sustained secretion of ADH

Question 10

SIADH: Characterized by

Answer 10

Fluid retention

Serum hypoosmolality and hyponatremia

Concentrated urine (Holding water but peeing toxins)

Question 11

SIADH: Etiology

Answer 11

Malignant tumors (small cell carcinoma of the lung) (ADENOcarcinoma)

Central Nervous system Disorders (Head trauma, Stroke, Brain tumors)

Question 12

SIADH: Osmolality

Serum Osmolality

Urine Osmolality and Specific Gravity

Serum Sodium

Urine output

Weight

Answer 12

Low serum osmolality

Urine osmolality and specific gravity = high

Serum sodium = LOW

Urine output = LOW

Weight = GAIN

Remember, your patient is retaining pure water without salt

Question 13

SIADH: Clinical Manifestations

Answer 13

HYPONATREMIA and fluid volume excess

Question 14

SIADH: Normal Symptoms

Answer 14

Dyspnea, fatigue

Neurologic: Lethargy, confusion

Muscle Twitching and Convulsions

Impaired taste, anorexia, vomiting, cramps

Question 15

SIADH: Severe symptoms

Answer 15

NA = 100-115 mEq/L –> irreversible neurological damage

Question 16

SIADH: Water Intoxication

Answer 16

When serum levels of NA become lower than what is inside the cell. THE CELL SWELLS

The swelling leads to neurologic primarily confusion, lethargy, coma, death

Question 17

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 17

A deficiency of ADH or a decreased renal response to ADH

Excessive loss of water in the urine

Question 18

Two forms of Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 18

Neurogenic (Central) (Brain function)

Nephrogenic (Kidney)

Question 19

Neurogenic DI: Causes

Answer 19

Damage to hypothalamus or pituitary gland which interfere with the release of ADH from the brian

Question 20

Neurogenic DI: Associated Disorders

Answer 20

Stroke, traumatic brain injury

Brain surgery

Cerebral Infections

Question 21

Neurogenic DI has a ________ onset and is ______

Answer 21

Sudden and permanent

Question 22

Nephrogenic DI: Causes

Answer 22

Loss of kidney functions

Often drug-related

Question 23

Nephrogenic DI: Associated disorder

Answer 23

CKD

Question 24

Nephrogenic DI onset ____________ and course of disease ________

Answer 24

Slow, Progressive

Question 25

Diabetes Insipidus: Osmolarity

Serum Osmolality

Urine osmolality

Serum Sodium

Urine output

Weight

Answer 25

Serum osmolality = HIGH

Urine osmolality and specific gravity = LOW

Serum sodium = HIGH

Urine output = HIGH

Weight = LOSS

Question 26

DI: Clinical Maifestations

Answer 26

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Dehydration

Electrolyte imbalances

Hypovolemic shock –> Death

Question 27

Diabetes Insipidus: DILUTE

Answer 27

DRY
I + O daily weight
Urinates lots
Treat = desmopressin
rEhydrate