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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

BCG Vaccine Intravesical Therapy: Class

A

Intravesical Therapy

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2
Q

BCG Vaccine: MOA

A

-Stimulates inflammatory response in the bladder —> goal is for the immune system to recognize cancerous cells and attack

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3
Q

BCG Vaccine: Indication

A

Bladder Cancer

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4
Q

BCG Vaccine: Major Adverse Reactions

A

-Bladder irritation

-Systemic infection (live bacteria)

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5
Q

BCG: NSG considerations

A

Given weekly for 6-12 weeks

Disinfect urine for 6 hours post treatment; watch for infection

Live vaccine: Do not give to immunocompromised

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6
Q

BCG Vaccine Patient Instructions

A

Patient Instructions

  1. Empty bladder
  2. Instill Vaccine into bladder (dwell 2 hours)
  3. Change positions q 15
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7
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: MOA

A

Alkaline agent and decrease pH

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8
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

A

-Metabolic acidosis causing CKD

-Slow CKD
Prevent bone loss
Improve nutritional status

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9
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: Adverse Effects

A

Bloating

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10
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate: NSG considerations

A

-Initiate when HCO3 is less than 15 mEq/mL: Goal is 18-20

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11
Q

Calcium Carbonate: MOA

A

Binds to phosphate

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12
Q

Calcium Carbonate: Indications

A

-Hyperphosphatemia

-Keep normal phosphate levels

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13
Q

Calcium Carbonate: Adverse Reactions and NSG consideration

A

Hypercalcemia

take with meals

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14
Q

Calcitriol: MOA

A

-Activated from vitamin D; stimulate intestinal absorption of calcium/phosphate and bone mineralization

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15
Q

Calcitriol: Indications

A

Used to treat renal osteodystrophy

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16
Q

Calcitriol: Adverse Reactions

A

Hypercalcemia

Hypophosphatemia

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17
Q

Calcitriol: Nsg Consideration

A

-25 dihydroxy vitamin D (active forum)

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18
Q

5 alpha reductase inhibitor drugs

A

finasteride

dutasteride

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19
Q

finasteride and dutasteride: MOA

A

-Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (alpha 1 receptors)

-Decrease epithelial tissue in prostate

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20
Q

finasteride and dutasteride: Indications

A

Mechanical obstruction of urethra

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21
Q

finasteride and dutasteride: Adverse Reactions

A

-Impotence

-Decreased libido (5-10%)

-Gynecomastia

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22
Q

finasteride and dutasteride: NSG considerations

A

-Works best in men’s prostates who are very enlarge

-6-12 months for the med to work and take for the rest of your life

-Increase hair growth and used to treat baldness

-Decrease PSA levels and if the PSA doesn’t fall evaluate for prostate cancers

-Women should not handle this drug because it can cause birth defects in men

-Cannot donate blood

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23
Q

tamsulosin: Class

A

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Antagonist

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24
Q

tamsulosin: MOA

A

-Relaxes smooth muscle cells

-Selective for alpha receptors in the prostate

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25
Q

tamsulosin: Indications

A

Dynamic obstruction of urethra

26
Q

tamsulosin: Adverse Reactions

A

Abnormal ejaculation

Well tolerated

27
Q

tamsulosin: Nsg consideration

A

-Works quickly but has to be taken for life to maintain benefits

28
Q

sildenafil: class

A

PDE-5 inhibitors

29
Q

sildenafil: MOA

A

-Inhibits PDE5

-Increases and preserves cGMP levels

-Only enhance the normal response to sexual stimulation

30
Q

sildenafil: Indication

A

-Relief of ED

31
Q

sildenafil: Adverse Reactions

A

-HA 16%

-Flushing 10%

-Dyspepsia 7%

-Priapism: Erection that is painful or last more than 4 hours medical emergency

-No more than once per day

32
Q

sildenafil: Nsg Consideration

A

-Take up to 4 hours before sexual activity (onset 30-60 minutes)

-Contraindicated: Preexisting CV disease or if on nitrate and hypotension

-Do not take with nitrates

-If you have chest pain or signs of heart attack call 911

-Sudden loss of vision or sudden loss of hearing

33
Q

timolol: class

A

Nonselective Optic-topical beta blocker

34
Q

timolol: MOA

A

-Block sympathetic nervous system stimulation beta receptors

35
Q

timolol: Indication

A

OA glaucoma

36
Q

timolol: Adverse Reaction

A

-Transient burning and discomfort

-If allowed to go systemic can have systemic effects

37
Q

timolol: Nsg Consideration

A

-Contraindications:
Same as oral BETA blockers

-Must take- otherwise will progress to blindness

38
Q

betaxolol

A

Optic-topical beta blockers

Selective

39
Q

latanoprost: class

A

Prostaglandin analogs

40
Q

latanoprost: MOA

A

Increase outflow drainage of AH

41
Q

latanoprost: Indication

A

OA glaucoma

Ocular HTN

42
Q

latanoprost: Adverse reaction and Nsg consideration

A

none

43
Q

brimonidine: Class

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonist

44
Q

brimonidine: MOA

A

Decrease AH productions, may increase drainage/outflow

45
Q

brimonidine: Indications

A

OA glaucoma

Increase IOP

46
Q

brimonidine: Adverse Reactions

A

-Burning/stinging

-Dry mouth

-Fatigue - HA - BV - Hypotension

47
Q

dorzolamide: class

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

48
Q

dorzolamide: MOA

A

Decrease AH productions

49
Q

dorzolamide: Indications

A

Second line

OA glaucoma and increase IOP

50
Q

dorzolamide: Adverse Reactions

A

-Stinging

-Bitter taste

-Allergic reactions (conjunctiva or lid reactions)

51
Q

pancrelipase: Class

A

Pancreatic enzyme replacment

52
Q

pancrelipase: MOA

A

Replace pancreatic enzymes

53
Q

pancrelipase: Indications

A

Chronic pancreatitis

54
Q

pancrelipase: Adverse reaction and NSG

A

Rare

take with every meal or snack

55
Q

lactulose: Class

A

Hyperosmotic laxative

56
Q

lactulose: MOA and Indication (same)

A

-Reduces blood ammonia absorption in hepatic encephalopathy

57
Q

lactulose: Adverse Reaction + Nsg consideration

A

None
-PO or Enema

-Can be given to titrate by number of stools or by ammonia levels

-Not just given for high ammonia levels — must have S/S of encephalopathy

-Make sure patient is NOT hypokalemic

58
Q

rifaximin: MOA

A

-Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to bacterial DNA (initially used as an antibiotic for GI infections)

59
Q

rifaximin: Indication

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

60
Q

rifaximin: Adverse Reactions

A

-Peripheral edema
-Nausea
-Ascites
-Dizziness
-Fatigue
-Pruritis
-Skin rash
-Abdominal pain
-Anemia

61
Q

rifaximin: Nsg Consideration

A

-Second line if -lactulose isn’t working

-Sometimes given as preventive

-Associated with increased risk of C diff

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (27 decks)

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