URI Pharmacology (Exam 1b)

Question 1

2 types of Histamine

Answer 1

H1 and H2

Question 2

H1 Histamine receptors…

Answer 2

mediate smooth muscle contraction and capillary dilation –> target for traditional allergy medications

Question 3

H2 Histamine

Answer 3

Mediation of HR and gastric acid secretion

Question 4

Antihistamines work on which receptors

Answer 4

H1 Receptor

Question 5

H1 Blockers = Antihistamines: MOA

Answer 5

Bind to H1 Receptors and block histamine release

(mild anticholinergic effects)

Question 6

H1 blocker: Indications

Answer 6

-Treat nasal allergies

-Seasonal allergies

-Sneezing

-Runny nose

Question 7

Antihistamines Contraindications

Answer 7

-Closed angle glaucoma

-CD

-Kidney disease

-Hypertension

-Bronchial asthma

-COPD

-PUD

-Seizures

-BPH and pregnancy

Question 8

diphenhydramine: Class

Answer 8

Sedating Antihistamines: 1st Generation

Question 9

diphenhydramine: Indications

Answer 9

-Mild allergic reactions

-Motion sickness

-Insomnia (can be give with severe anaphylactic reactions)

Question 10

diphenhydramine: SE

Answer 10

Drowsiness / Dizziness

Dry mouth

Urinary retention

Constipation = Dry

Question 11

diphenhydramine: NSG implications

Answer 11

Monitor closely for dizziness, urinary retention, and constipation

Avoid driving and activities requiring mental alertness

Question 12

Non Sedating Antihistamines

Answer 12

loratadine

fexofenadine

cetirizine

Question 13

Non-sedating antihistamines: MOA

Answer 13

Bind to H1 receptor and block histamine release

Question 14

Non Sedating Antihistamines: Indications

Answer 14

Allergic rhinitis

Chronic idiopathic urticaria

Question 15

NS Antihistamines: SE

Answer 15

Fewer

Question 16

Sympathomimetics

Answer 16

(Decongestants)

phenylephrine

pseudoephedrine

Question 17

Sympathomimetics: Indications

Answer 17

Reduce nasal congestion

Allergic rhinitis

Common cold

Question 18

Sympathomimetics: MOA

Answer 18

-Mimics the action of SNS by activating Alpha 1 Adrenergic receptors

-This causes vasoconstriction, causing nasal turbinates to shrink and opens nasal passages

Question 19

Sympathomimetics: SE

Answer 19

All r/t to CNS stimulations

Agitation - Insomnia - Anxiety - Tachycardia - Heart Palpitations

Question 20

Sympathomimetics: NSG considerations

Answer 20

Do not use for more than 4 days because of rebound nasal congestion

Taper off

Question 21

Pseudoephedrine: NSG consideration

Answer 21

(sympathomimetic)

Potential for abuse

One of the active ingredients in METH

Question 22

Antitussive

Answer 22

dextromethorphan

codeine

benzonatate

Question 23

Antitussive: Indications

Answer 23

Cough suppressant (acute or chronic)

Question 24

Antitussive: MOA

Answer 24

Directly suppresses the cough reflex in the brain

Question 25

Antitiussive: SE

Answer 25

CNS depressant (do not take with other CNS depressants)

Question 26

Expectorant

Answer 26

guaifenesin

Question 27

guaifenesin: indications

Answer 27

decrease mucus in colds, bronchitis and etc

Question 28

guaifenesin: MOA

Answer 28

Reduction in surface tension of secretion helping thing the mucus making it easier to expectorate

Question 29

guaifenesin: SE

Answer 29

GI distress

Question 30

guaifenesin: NSG consideration

Answer 30

Encourage fluid to help thin secretions as well

Be careful in patients with chronic cough / asthma

Question 31

Mucolytics

Answer 31

acetylcysteine (Tylenol OD)

Question 32

acetylcysteine: Indications

Answer 32

Bronchopulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis

People with chronic disease

Question 33

Acetylcysteine: MOA

Answer 33

Decrease viscosity of mucus making it eaiser to cough

Question 34

acetylcysteine: SE

Answer 34

Few

(BRONCHSPASM) may occur

Smells TERRIBLE (Rotten Egg)

Question 35

acetylcysteine: NSG considerations

Answer 35

Monitor lung sounds and given via nebulizer or through tracheostomy