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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > MSK Pharm (Exam 4) > Flashcards

MSK Pharm (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

alendronate: Class

A

Biphosphate

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2
Q

alendronate: MOA

A

Binds permanently to the surface of the bones to inhibit osteoclast activity

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3
Q

alendronate: Indications

A

Osteoporosis (First line)

Reduces fractures by 50%

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4
Q

alendronate: Adverse Effects

A

GI (N/V/D)

Esophageal Ulcerations (Do not lie down)

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5
Q

alendronate: NSG consideration

A

Take with water (one sip in morning) (stay standing)

Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking (esophageal ulcerations)

Do not take with food, other drinks, CALCIUM or vitamins for 2 hours (very low bioavailability)

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6
Q

raloxifene: Class

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS)

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7
Q

raloxifene: MOA

A

Mimics estrogen by increasing bone density; inhibits bone resorption (osteoclasts)

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8
Q

raloxifene: Indication

A

Used to TREAT and PREVENT post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Reduce spinal fracture by 50%

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9
Q

raloxifene: Adverse Reaction

A

Hot flashes

Leg Cramping

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10
Q

raloxifene: NSG consideration

A

Must take adequate calcium and vitamin D replacement to work

BBW: Stroke

Discontinue at least 72 hours before:
1: planned procedures.
2: Any prolonged immobilization periods

DO NOT DRINK OR SMOKE OR GET PREGNANT

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11
Q

What drug do you want to discontinue at least 72 hours before planned procedure

A

raloxifene

Increase risk of clotting because it messes with estrogen

And there is decrease mobility

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12
Q

Calcitonin-Salmon: MOA

A

Inhibits Bone removal by osteoclasts

ONLY TREATMENT

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13
Q

Calcitonin-Salmon: Indication

A

Osteoporosis treatment only (not prevention)

Not long term

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14
Q

Calcitonin-Salmon: NSG consideration

A

Give via nasal spray

Takes 5 YEARS to see long term benefit

Reduce pain in fractures

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15
Q

methotrexate: Class

A

DMARD

Antineoplastic and anti-rheumatic

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16
Q

methotrexate: MOA

A

Immonspurressive

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17
Q

methotrexate: Indication

A

RA

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18
Q

methotrexate: Adverse Reactions

A

GI

Bone Marrow Suppression (chemo drug)

Shortened life expectancy

19
Q

Methotrexate: NSG consideration

A

Only give weekly

11 BBW

Patient needs folic acid supplementation

NO alcohol (Liver involvement)

Teratogenic: (Two forms of birth control)

High risk of infection

Aplastic anemia risk when using NSAIDS (kidneys)

20
Q

hydroxychloroquine: Class

A

DMARD

antimalarial - anti-rheumatic

21
Q

hydroxychloroquine: MOA

A

Anti-inflammatory

Slow progression of RA when used in combination with other DMARDS

22
Q

hydroxychloroquine: Indicaiton

23
Q

hydroxychloroquine: Adverse Effects

A

Vision Problems (1% Retinopathy)

Well tolerated compared to methotrexate

24
Q

Biologic Agents: Class

A

New gen DMARD

Response modifiers

25
Q

Biologic Agents: MOA

A

Target parts of the immune system that trigger inflammation that cause joint and tissue damage

Target body own immune system

26
Q

Biologic Agents: Indicaiton

27
Q

Biologic Agents: Adverse Effects

A

Skin or lung infection
Skin cancer
Serous allergic reactions

28
Q

Biologic Agents: NSG Consideration

A

Very expensive because of creation of biosimilars

29
Q

allopurinol: MOA

A

Inhibits the xanthine oxidase enzyme, which prevents uric acid production

30
Q

allopurinol: Indication

A

Patients whose gout is related to EXCESS uric acid production (hyperuricemia)

PROPHYLACTIC DRUG ONLY

31
Q

allopurinol: Adverse Effects

A

Rash

Aplastic anemia

Skin (SJS/TENS)

32
Q

allopurinol: NSG consideration

A

Takes effects in 2-6 weeks and continue to take to prevent flares in the future

allopurinol can increase effects of anti diabetes medications

33
Q

colchicine: MOA

A

Reduces inflammatory response to the deposits or urate crystals in joint tissues

Powerful inhibitor of cell mitosis and can cause short-term leukopenia

34
Q

colchicine: Adverse Reactions

A

GI bleeding and Urinary Bleeding

Stomach flu = Stop

leukopenia and bone marrow suppression

35
Q

colchicine: Indication

A

Gout flares

36
Q

colchicine: NSG consideration

A

If patient has stomach flu symptoms (STOP THE DRUG ASAP)

Contraindicated: Any person with severe renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic or cardiac disorders, or bleeding disorders

37
Q

probenecid: Class

A

Uricosuric Agent

38
Q

probenecid: MOA

A

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in kidney, promoting excretion

Helps with hyperuricemia

39
Q

probenecid: Indication

A

Treat hyperuricemia with GOUT

40
Q

probenecid: Adverse Reaction

A

GI upset

Dizziness or Headache

Kidney/Liver impairment

Lots of drug interactions

41
Q

Osteoporosis Pharmacotherapy GOAL and Primary prevention

A

Reduce fractures

Primary prevention: Calcium and Vitamin D supplementation

42
Q

Osteomyelitis Pharmacotherapy

A

Obtain cultures

Start broad spectrum antibiotics:
-Nafcillin
-Cefazolin
-Vancomycin

Switch to bacteria specific therapy when cultures come back

43
Q

What is the steroid of use in RA

A

Prednisone and used only when symptoms not controlled with NSAIDS

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

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