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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 1a Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1a Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-Lacamase Inhibitor Combination Antibiotics

A

Sulbactam

Clavulanic Acid

Tazobactam

Avibactam

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2
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Antibiotics: Indications

A

Give with antibiotics to combat bacteria that produces beta lactamase

Beta lactamase renders normal antibiotics useless

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3
Q

Penicillins: MOA

A

-Inhibits the synthesis of cell wall by inhibiting transpeptidases

-Bacteria must be growing and dividing

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4
Q

Penicillins: Indications

A

Gram (+) bacteria

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5
Q

Penicillins: Adverse Effects

A

-Urticaria

-Pruritus

-Angioedema

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6
Q

Penicillins: Nursing Considerations

A

-Works against many different organisms and infections with low toxicity

-Can interact with NSAID-CONTRACEPTIVE-WARFARIN

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7
Q

Natural PCNS

A

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

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8
Q

Natural PNCS: Indications

A

Intramuscular forum to treat STD’s

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9
Q

Natural PCNS: Nursing Considerations

A

-30 min 1/2 life

-Used with aminoglycosides –> gets into cell and disrupts protein synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillinase Resistant PCNS

A

Nafcillin

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11
Q

Nafcillin: Nursing considerations

A

Staph bacteria

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12
Q

Nafcillin: Nursing considerations

A

IV only

Resist breakdown by the penicillinase enzyme

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13
Q

Aminopencicillns

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Ampicillin: Adverse Reactions

A

Diarrhea and Rash

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15
Q

Ampicillin: Nursing Considerations

A

-1st broad spectrum

-Renal sensitive

-Gram (-)

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16
Q

Amoxicillin: Indications

A

Ears-Nose-Throat

Genitourinary

Skin Infections

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17
Q

Amoxicillin: Nursing Considerations

A

-Very common pediatric patients

-Only PO

-Better for gram (-) ?

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18
Q

Extended Spectrum PCNS

A

Piperacillin

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19
Q

Piperacillin: Indications

A

Pseudomonas bacterial infections

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20
Q

Piperacillin: Adverse reactions

A

Affects platelet function

Hard on kidneys (watch renal function)

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21
Q

Piperacillin: Nursing considerations

A

-Wider spectrum than others

-Always given with lactamase inhibitor

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22
Q

Cephalosporins: MOA

A

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis through same penicillin binding protein (inhibit transpeptidase)

-activates autolysis (kill themselves)

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23
Q

Cephalosporins: Adverse Reactions

A

Rash-Prutitis-Redness-Edema

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24
Q

Cephalosporins: Nursing Consideration

A

-Often resistant to beta-lactamases –> Cephalosporinase

-Cross sensitivity with PCN allergy (anaphylaxis)

-Category B pregnancy (Can give to pregnant patients)

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25
1st Generation Cephalosporins
Cefazolin Cephalexin
26
Cefazolin: Nursing considerations
IV only (Surgical prohpolaxis)
27
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
Cefuroxime Cefotetan
28
2nd generation cephalosporins: Nursing considerations
-Gram + and Gram - -IV and PO forms available -Cefuroxime does not kill anaerobic bacteria
29
3rd Generation Cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefotaxime
30
3rd Generation Cephalosporins: Nursing Considerations
Most potent fighting gram - bacteria
31
Ceftriaxone: Nursing consideration
3rd generation cephalosporins Crosses BBB and used to treat CNS infections like meningitis Extremely long acting Do not give to live failure patients
32
Caftazidime: Nursing considerations
3rd generation Indicated for pseudomonas
33
4th generation cephlaosporin
cefepime
34
cefepime: Indications
Given to patients when we are unsure of infections. Works on anaerobic and aerobic gram + or gram - bacteria. Cross the BBB
35
5th Generation Cephalosporin
Ceftraonline
36
Ceftraonline: Nursing Consideration
Used to treat MRSA and MSSA works against some VRSA and VISA Needs to be renally dosed (monitor kidney levels)
37
Carbapenems: MOA
Bactericidal and Cell wall inhibitor
38
Carbapenems: Adverse reactions
Drug induced seizure activity
39
Carbapenems: Nursing Considerations
Broadest spectrum of all antibiotics Last resort medications All are IV and must be infused over 60 Min
40
Imipenem: Class
Carbapenems
41
Imipenem: Indications
Complicated infections
42
Imipenem: Adverse reactions
Seizures especially in elderly and with other meds that can induce them
43
Imipenem: Nursing Considerations
44
Meropenem: Adverse reactions
Rash and Diarrhea
45
Meropenem: Nursing considerations
-Less coverage than imipenem but still Gram + and Gram – -Does not degrade in kidneys -Less seizure activity
46
Vancomycin: Class
Glycopeptide Antibiotic
47
Vancomycin: MOA
-Destroys by binding to bacterial cell wall, producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death
48
Vancomycin: Indications
MRSA and PCN resistant infections C.diff and pseudomembranous colitis
49
Vancomycin: Adverse Reactions
Toxic Side Effects: -Ototoxicity with high levels (reversible) -Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia -Nephrotoxic watch when using with other drugs -Watch with neuromuscular blockades (paralyzers)
50
Vancomycin: Nursing Considerations
-Works on Gram + infections  Including MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus -Oral vancomycin is give to treat C.diff and pseudomembranous colitis -Kidneys eliminate drug; decrease doses for renal dysfunction Red Mans Syndrome: Rapid infusion. Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension Infuse slowly and over long periods (usually not harmful) -Draw peak and trough levels to
51
Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin Amikacin Tobramycin
52
Aminoglycosides: MOA
-Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis
53
Aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions
-Nephrotoxicity (Reversible) -Ototoxicity (Permanent)
54
Aminoglycosides: Nursing considerations
-Potent antibiotics that work well on gram negative bacteria -Therapeutic drug monitoring --> peak / trough levels
55
Gentamycin: Adverse Reaction and nursing considerations
CNS Effects: Confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, and tingling Neuromuscular blockade - be careful, can cause PROFOUND respiratory distress (myasthenia gravis) Cochlear damage – Ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus
56
clindamycin: Class
Lincoasamides
57
clindamycin: MOA
Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis
58
clindamyicin: Indications
Chronic bone infections GU tract infections Intra-adbdominal infections Endocarditis Septicemia
59
clindamyicin: Adverse reactions
Deadly pseudomembranous colitis
60
clindamyicin: Nursing considerations
Very toxic = Monitor levels Monitor use with neuromuscular blockade medications
61
Macrolides Class: MOA
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
62
Macrolides Class: Indications
Legionaries Listeria Mycoplasma pneumonia
63
Macrolides Class: Adverse reactions
YUCK GI side effects
64
Macrolides Class: Nursing Considerations
Mainly bacteriostatic in general but can kill in high enough concentrations
65
Erythromycin
Macrolides Used to treat many infections Has hypomotility benefits diabetic gastroparesis and increase gastric motility and emptying Do not take on empty stomach Lost of drug-drug interactions
66
azithromycin
Macrolides Less GI problems Very good tissue penetration and long duration of action Taking food with drug decreases absorption; try to take without food
67
Tetracyclines Class: MOA
Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
68
Tetracycline class: Indications
rickettisa chlamydia lyme disease cholera acne
69
Tetracycline class: Adverse reactions
Discoloration of permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetuses and children Photosensitivity
70
Tetracycline class: Nursing consideration
Contraindications: Pregnant and nursing women. Children younger than 8 Wear suncreen
71
doxycycline
Tetracycline Treat chlamydial and mycoplasma infection Prophylaxis for STI's Acne and other non dangerous skin infections
72
mincycline
tetracycline Used for neisseria meningitidis, arthritis, and extended release for acne
73
Fluroquinolones: MOA
Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA --> interfere with bacterial enzymes
74
ciprofloxacin: class
fluroquinolone
75
ciprofloxacin: Indications
Used to treat UTI's and some STI's USed to treat anthrax infections
76
ciprofloxacin: Adverse reactions
-Arthropathy (joint disease) irreversible -Do not give it to patients with bone pain
77
ciprofloxacin: Nursing considerations
Works well on rapid and slow growing organism Prolonged post-antibiotic effects --> concentrated in the neutrophils
78
levoflaxacin: class
fluoroquinolone
79
levofloaxcin: Indications
-Really atypical respirartory infections
80
levofloaxcin: Adverse Reactions
CNS disorders that predispose to seizure, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity
81
levofloaxcin: nursing considerations
100% bioavailable orally
82
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: class
Sulfonamide (Bactrim)
83
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: MOA
Don’t destroy bacteria but inhibit their growth = bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis
84
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: Indications
-Uncomplicated UTI’s, respiratory infections, salmonella, shigellosis
85
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: Nursing considerations
Given to HIV patients? Cant give to patients with a sulfa allergy
86
metronidazole: class
Antibiotic? Antiprotozoal and Antibacterial
87
metronidazole: MOA
Inhibits DNA synthesis
88
metronidazole: indicaitions
Chrons disease C-diff
89
metronidazole: Adverse Reactions
-N/V -Xerostomia -Vaginal candidiasis
90
metronidazole: nursing considerations
DO NOT take with alcohol Anaerobic activity only (only bacteria that does not consume O2)
91

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

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