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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 1a Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1a Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-Lacamase Inhibitor Combination Antibiotics

A

Sulbactam

Clavulanic Acid

Tazobactam

Avibactam

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2
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Antibiotics: Indications

A

Give with antibiotics to combat bacteria that produces beta lactamase

Beta lactamase renders normal antibiotics useless

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3
Q

Penicillins: MOA

A

-Inhibits the synthesis of cell wall by inhibiting transpeptidases

-Bacteria must be growing and dividing

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4
Q

Penicillins: Indications

A

Gram (+) bacteria

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5
Q

Penicillins: Adverse Effects

A

-Urticaria

-Pruritus

-Angioedema

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6
Q

Penicillins: Nursing Considerations

A

-Works against many different organisms and infections with low toxicity

-Can interact with NSAID-CONTRACEPTIVE-WARFARIN

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7
Q

Natural PCNS

A

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

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8
Q

Natural PNCS: Indications

A

Intramuscular forum to treat STD’s

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9
Q

Natural PCNS: Nursing Considerations

A

-30 min 1/2 life

-Used with aminoglycosides –> gets into cell and disrupts protein synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillinase Resistant PCNS

A

Nafcillin

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11
Q

Nafcillin: Nursing considerations

A

Staph bacteria

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12
Q

Nafcillin: Nursing considerations

A

IV only

Resist breakdown by the penicillinase enzyme

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13
Q

Aminopencicillns

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Ampicillin: Adverse Reactions

A

Diarrhea and Rash

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15
Q

Ampicillin: Nursing Considerations

A

-1st broad spectrum

-Renal sensitive

-Gram (-)

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16
Q

Amoxicillin: Indications

A

Ears-Nose-Throat

Genitourinary

Skin Infections

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17
Q

Amoxicillin: Nursing Considerations

A

-Very common pediatric patients

-Only PO

-Better for gram (-) ?

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18
Q

Extended Spectrum PCNS

A

Piperacillin

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19
Q

Piperacillin: Indications

A

Pseudomonas bacterial infections

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20
Q

Piperacillin: Adverse reactions

A

Affects platelet function

Hard on kidneys (watch renal function)

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21
Q

Piperacillin: Nursing considerations

A

-Wider spectrum than others

-Always given with lactamase inhibitor

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22
Q

Cephalosporins: MOA

A

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis through same penicillin binding protein (inhibit transpeptidase)

-activates autolysis (kill themselves)

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23
Q

Cephalosporins: Adverse Reactions

A

Rash-Prutitis-Redness-Edema

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24
Q

Cephalosporins: Nursing Consideration

A

-Often resistant to beta-lactamases –> Cephalosporinase

-Cross sensitivity with PCN allergy (anaphylaxis)

-Category B pregnancy (Can give to pregnant patients)

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25
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

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26
Q

Cefazolin: Nursing considerations

A

IV only (Surgical prohpolaxis)

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27
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime

Cefotetan

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28
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins: Nursing considerations

A

-Gram + and Gram -

-IV and PO forms available

-Cefuroxime does not kill anaerobic bacteria

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29
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone

Ceftazidime

Cefotaxime

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30
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins: Nursing Considerations

A

Most potent fighting gram - bacteria

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31
Q

Ceftriaxone: Nursing consideration

A

3rd generation cephalosporins

Crosses BBB and used to treat CNS infections like meningitis

Extremely long acting

Do not give to live failure patients

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32
Q

Caftazidime: Nursing considerations

A

3rd generation

Indicated for pseudomonas

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33
Q

4th generation cephlaosporin

A

cefepime

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34
Q

cefepime: Indications

A

Given to patients when we are unsure of infections. Works on anaerobic and aerobic gram + or gram - bacteria.

Cross the BBB

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35
Q

5th Generation Cephalosporin

A

Ceftraonline

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36
Q

Ceftraonline: Nursing Consideration

A

Used to treat MRSA and MSSA works against some VRSA and VISA

Needs to be renally dosed (monitor kidney levels)

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37
Q

Carbapenems: MOA

A

Bactericidal and Cell wall inhibitor

38
Q

Carbapenems: Adverse reactions

A

Drug induced seizure activity

39
Q

Carbapenems: Nursing Considerations

A

Broadest spectrum of all antibiotics

Last resort medications

All are IV and must be infused over 60 Min

40
Q

Imipenem: Class

A

Carbapenems

41
Q

Imipenem: Indications

A

Complicated infections

42
Q

Imipenem: Adverse reactions

A

Seizures especially in elderly and with other meds that can induce them

43
Q

Imipenem: Nursing Considerations

A
44
Q

Meropenem: Adverse reactions

A

Rash and Diarrhea

45
Q

Meropenem: Nursing considerations

A

-Less coverage than imipenem but still Gram + and Gram –

-Does not degrade in kidneys

-Less seizure activity

46
Q

Vancomycin: Class

A

Glycopeptide Antibiotic

47
Q

Vancomycin: MOA

A

-Destroys by binding to bacterial cell wall, producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death

48
Q

Vancomycin: Indications

A

MRSA and PCN resistant infections

C.diff and pseudomembranous colitis

49
Q

Vancomycin: Adverse Reactions

A

Toxic Side Effects: -Ototoxicity with high levels (reversible)

-Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

-Nephrotoxic watch when using with other drugs

-Watch with neuromuscular blockades (paralyzers)

50
Q

Vancomycin: Nursing Considerations

A

-Works on Gram + infections  Including MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus

-Oral vancomycin is give to treat C.diff and pseudomembranous colitis

-Kidneys eliminate drug; decrease doses for renal dysfunction

Red Mans Syndrome:

Rapid infusion. Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension

Infuse slowly and over long periods (usually not harmful)

-Draw peak and trough levels to

51
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

52
Q

Aminoglycosides: MOA

A

-Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis

53
Q

Aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions

A

-Nephrotoxicity (Reversible)

-Ototoxicity (Permanent)

54
Q

Aminoglycosides: Nursing considerations

A

-Potent antibiotics that work well on gram negative bacteria

-Therapeutic drug monitoring –> peak / trough levels

55
Q

Gentamycin: Adverse Reaction and nursing considerations

A

CNS Effects: Confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, and tingling

Neuromuscular blockade - be careful, can cause PROFOUND respiratory distress (myasthenia gravis)

Cochlear damage – Ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus

56
Q

clindamycin: Class

A

Lincoasamides

57
Q

clindamycin: MOA

A

Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis

58
Q

clindamyicin: Indications

A

Chronic bone infections

GU tract infections

Intra-adbdominal infections

Endocarditis

Septicemia

59
Q

clindamyicin: Adverse reactions

A

Deadly pseudomembranous colitis

60
Q

clindamyicin: Nursing considerations

A

Very toxic = Monitor levels

Monitor use with neuromuscular blockade medications

61
Q

Macrolides Class: MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

62
Q

Macrolides Class: Indications

A

Legionaries

Listeria

Mycoplasma pneumonia

63
Q

Macrolides Class: Adverse reactions

A

YUCK

GI side effects

64
Q

Macrolides Class: Nursing Considerations

A

Mainly bacteriostatic in general but can kill in high enough concentrations

65
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolides

Used to treat many infections

Has hypomotility benefits diabetic gastroparesis and increase gastric motility and emptying

Do not take on empty stomach

Lost of drug-drug interactions

66
Q

azithromycin

A

Macrolides

Less GI problems

Very good tissue penetration and long duration of action

Taking food with drug decreases absorption; try to take without food

67
Q

Tetracyclines Class: MOA

A

Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

68
Q

Tetracycline class: Indications

A

rickettisa

chlamydia

lyme disease

cholera

acne

69
Q

Tetracycline class: Adverse reactions

A

Discoloration of permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetuses and children

Photosensitivity

70
Q

Tetracycline class: Nursing consideration

A

Contraindications: Pregnant and nursing women. Children younger than 8

Wear suncreen

71
Q

doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

Treat chlamydial and mycoplasma infection

Prophylaxis for STI’s

Acne and other non dangerous skin infections

72
Q

mincycline

A

tetracycline

Used for neisseria meningitidis, arthritis, and extended release for acne

73
Q

Fluroquinolones: MOA

A

Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA –> interfere with bacterial enzymes

74
Q

ciprofloxacin: class

A

fluroquinolone

75
Q

ciprofloxacin: Indications

A

Used to treat UTI’s and some STI’s

USed to treat anthrax infections

76
Q

ciprofloxacin: Adverse reactions

A

-Arthropathy (joint disease) irreversible

-Do not give it to patients with bone pain

77
Q

ciprofloxacin: Nursing considerations

A

Works well on rapid and slow growing organism

Prolonged post-antibiotic effects –> concentrated in the neutrophils

78
Q

levoflaxacin: class

A

fluoroquinolone

79
Q

levofloaxcin: Indications

A

-Really atypical respirartory infections

80
Q

levofloaxcin: Adverse Reactions

A

CNS disorders that predispose to seizure, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity

81
Q

levofloaxcin: nursing considerations

A

100% bioavailable orally

82
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: class

A

Sulfonamide (Bactrim)

83
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: MOA

A

Don’t destroy bacteria but inhibit their growth = bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis

84
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: Indications

A

-Uncomplicated UTI’s, respiratory infections, salmonella, shigellosis

85
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim: Nursing considerations

A

Given to HIV patients?

Cant give to patients with a sulfa allergy

86
Q

metronidazole: class

A

Antibiotic? Antiprotozoal and Antibacterial

87
Q

metronidazole: MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

88
Q

metronidazole: indicaitions

A

Chrons disease

C-diff

89
Q

metronidazole: Adverse Reactions

A

-N/V

-Xerostomia

-Vaginal candidiasis

90
Q

metronidazole: nursing considerations

A

DO NOT take with alcohol

Anaerobic activity only (only bacteria that does not consume O2)

91
Q
A

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (27 decks)

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