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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 1a. Antibiotics > Flashcards

Exam 1a. Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin

amikacin

tobramycin

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2
Q

aminoglycosides: MOA

A

-Binds to the bacterial ribosomes and prevents protein synthesis. (prevents bacteria from creating new bacteria)

-Always give beta lactamase drugs first so the antibiotic can get into the bacterial cell

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3
Q

aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions

A

-Neprhotoxity 5-25% (reversible)

-Ototoxicity – 3-14% (permanent)

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4
Q

aminoglycosides: NSG considerations

A

-Therapeutic drug monitoring peak/trough levels

-Transitioned from a 3xday dosing to 1x/day dosing

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5
Q

gentamycin: adverse reactions

A

-Neuromuscular blockade –> be careful, can cause PROFOUND respiratory distress (myasthenia gravis)

-Cochlear damage – Ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus

-CNS: Confusing, depression, disorientation, numbness, and tingling

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6
Q

Lincoasamide

A

clindamycin

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7
Q

clindamycin: MOA

A

-Binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis –> stop bacteria from reproducing

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8
Q

clindamycin: Indications

A

-Chronic bone infections

-Endocarditis Prophylaxis

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9
Q

clindamycin: Adverse Reaction

A

-Deadly pseudomembranous colitis

(Do not give to patient with or a history with C.diff)

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10
Q

clindamycin: NSG consideration

A

-All enterobacteria are resistant to clindamycin

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11
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

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12
Q

Macrolides: MOA

A

-Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

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13
Q

Macrolides: Indications

A

-Upper and Lower Respiratory

-Legionaries, listeria, mycoplasma pneumonia

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14
Q

Macrolides: Adverse Reaction

A

-YUCK drugs – GI side effects profile intense (erythromycin esp.)

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15
Q

Macrolides: info

A

-Bacteriostatic in general but can kill in high enough concentrations

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16
Q

erythromycin: Adverse Reaction

A

-GI side effects

-Increase gastric motility and empyting

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17
Q

erythromycin: NSG consideration

A

-Hypomotility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis and increase gastric motility and emptying

-Do not take on empty stomach

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18
Q

azithromycin

A

Z-pack

Less gi upset

Very good tissue penetration and long duration of action (2 in beg then 1 per day)

Take on empty stomach (food decreases absorption)

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19
Q

General Tetracylines

A

tetracyline

doxycycline

mincycline

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20
Q

Tetracyclines: MOA

A

-Bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

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21
Q

Tetracyclines: Indications

A

Rickettsia (RMSF)
Chlamydia / Trichomonas
Lyme disease
Cholera
Acne

22
Q

Tetracyclines: Adverse Reaction

A

-Discoloration of the permanent teeth and tooth enamel hypoplasia in fetuses and children

-Thombocytopenia

-Photosensitivity

23
Q

Tetracyclines: NSG consideration

A

Contraindications: Pregnant and nursing women, Children younger than 8 (teeth problem)

-Wear sunscreen

24
Q

tetracycline: Adverse Reaction

A

-Damage to teeth in those <8 years old

-N/V/D, headache, photosensitivity, dizziness

-Rare: Anaphylaxis and Angioedema

25
Q

tetracycline: NSG consideration

A

-Bacteriostatic

-Not available parenterally (Fasting 75% absorbed) (Giving more decreases % absorption)

-Concentrates in teeth

-Give fasting

26
Q

doxycyline

A

-Chlamydial and mycoplasma infection

-STI prophylaxis

-Acne and Skin infections

27
Q

minicyline

A

-Neisseria meningitides

-Rheumatoid arthritis

-Extended release formula for acne

28
Q

General Fluoroquinolones: MOA

A

-Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA –> Interfere with bacterial enzymes

29
Q

ciprofloxacin: Indication

A

-UTI

-STI

-Anthrax

30
Q

ciprofloxacin: Adverse Effects

A

-Arthropathy (joint disease) Irreversible

-Don’t give it to patients with bone pain

-Avoid patients under 18 and over 60 because of arthropathy

31
Q

ciprofloxacin: NSG consideration

A

-Works well on rapid and slow growing organisms

-Bacillus anthracis

-Prolonged antibiotic effects (concentrated in the neutrophils)

32
Q

levofloxacin: Indications

A

-Pneumococcal and atypical respiratory infections

33
Q

levofloxacin: Adverse Reactions

A

-CNS disorders that predispose to seizure

-Prolongation of QT interval

34
Q

levofloxacin: NSG consideration

A

100% bioavailable and once per day dosing (most widely used)

35
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

A

sulfonaminde

Bactrim

36
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

MOA

A

-Don’t destroy bacteria but inhibit their growth = bacteriostatic by preventing the synthesis of folic acid needed for DNA synthesis

37
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

Indications

A

-Uncomplicated UTI’s,

-Salmonella

-Shigellosis

38
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

NSG considerations

A

-Can’t give to patients with a SULFA Allergy

-Photosensitivity

39
Q

metronidazole: indications

A

Flagyl

Inhibits DNA synthesis

Chrons and C-diff

40
Q

aminoglycoside: Indications

A

Harder to treat bacterial infections

Hospital acquired

Recurrent

41
Q

erythromycin: indications

A

Topical and ophthalmic

Good for pink eye

42
Q

metronidazole: NSG consideration

A

DO NOT TAKE WITH ALC. Toxic metabolite

Antiprotozoal and anitbacterial

43
Q

metronidazole: Adverse Reactions

A

Xerostomia

Vaginal Candidasis

44
Q

Antibiotic for Leginaries, listeria, mycoplasma pna

A

Macrolides

45
Q

All E-bacteria are resistant to

A

clindamycin

46
Q

give aminoglycosides with

A

vancomycin

beta lactamase inhibitors

47
Q

Macrolides are know as the

A

YUK drugs

48
Q

What drug cause thrombocytopenia

A

Vancomycin
Aclyvior
Tetracycline

49
Q

what drug treats anthrax

A

ciprofloxacin

50
Q

what drug is 100% bioavailable orally

A

levofloxacin

51
Q

what drug has prolonged post antibiotic effect

A

ciprofloxacin. Concentrates in the neutrophils

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (27 decks)

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