Lower GI (Exam 3) Flashcards
Appendicits
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis: Etiology
Appendicitis becomes obstructed which leads to inflammation
Appendicitis: Complications
Gangrene
Abscess formation
Peritonitis
Appendicitis Pain
RLQ in the periumbilical area with REBOUND pain
Can start as a dull ache and progresses over 4-6 hours
Peak Incidence of Appendicits
10-12 years of age
RLQ pain with sudden relief
This may indicates a rupture which can lead to peritonitis
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the PERITONEUM
Serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and covers visceral organs
What happens to the peritoneum? during peritonits
Inflammation and this leads to fluid shifting (third spacing) which leads to hypovolemic shock and sepsis
Also causes decreased peristalsis and paralytic ileus (Obstruction)
Peritonitis: Causes
Perforated Ulcers
Ruptured gallbladder
Pancreatitis
Ruptured spleen
Ruptured bladder
Ruptured appendix
Ruptures and Perforations
Peritonitis: Clinical Manifestations
-Sudden and SEVERE abdominal pain
-Tenderness
-Rigid “Board-Like” Abdomen
-Fever increase, WBC increase, and increase HR
-Decrease in BP
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chronic condition characterized by alterations bowel pattern due to changes in intestinal motility
-Chronic and frequent constipations (IBSC)
-Chronic and frequent diarrhea (IBSD)
IBSC
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chronic and frequent constipations
IBSD
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Chronic and frequent diarrhea
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Symptoms
Abdominal distension, fullness, flatus, and bloating
Pain exacerbated by stress and relieved by defecation
In IBS you might be intolerant to what foods?
Sorbitol, lactose, gluten
IBS stool
Non bloody stool with extra mucous
Psychosocial Stress and IBS
Emotional stress does not cause the illness but emotional stress does make the illness worse
IBS is stressful to live and may cause people to have more psychological problems because IBS causes people stress
Triggers of IBS
stress
food
hormone changes
GI infections
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Types
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease): Definition and Characterizations
A group of life changing chronic illnesses characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestines with exacerbations and remissions
Inflammatory Bowel Disease is more common in
White Women Jweish Smokers
IBD: Etiology
AUTOIMMUNE conditions in our system that are activated by an infection
Crohn’s disease pathogenesis
Block lymp structure leads to FISSURE and ULCERS that develop in a patch pattern. Skip lesions and cobble stone appearance
Crohn’s Disease: Complications
Malnutrition
Anemia
Scar tissue / obstructions
Fistulas
Cancer
Crohns Disease: Clinical Manifestations
-Crampy lower abdominal pain in (RLQ)
-Watery diarrhea
-Palpable abdominal mass in RLQ
-Mouth ulcers
Ulcerative Colitis
Inflammation of the mucosa of the RECTUM and COLON
Ulcerative Colitis typically develops when?
Third Decade of life
Ulcerative Colitis is more common in
White european descent
Ashkenazi Jewish descent
What is associated with crohn’s disease
GALS
Granulomas All Layers and Skip Lesions
Ulcerative Colitis: Pathogenesis
Inflammation beings in the recutm and extends the entire colon
Inflammation lead to large ulcerations and necrosis causing CRYPT ABSCESSES
Colon and recutm try to repair with new granulation tissue but this causes more problems and bleeds easliy
Ulcerative colitis: manifestations
Similar to crohn’s disease but has BLOODY Diarrhea
Ulcerative Colitis: Complicaitons
Hemorrhage
Perforations
Cancer
More Complications of Ulcerative Colitis
Fissures
Abscesses
Toxic Megacolon: Rapid dilation of the large intestine that can be life-threatening
Colorectal Carcinoma
Liver disease: From inflammation and scarring of bile ducts
Fluid and electrolyte and PH imblanaces
Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis
Development of diverticula: small pouches in lining of colon that bulge outward through weak spots
Diverticulosis: Eitology
May be congenital or acquired
What causes diverticulosis
lower fiber diet with resulting chronic constipations
Location of diverticulosis
Descending colon
Diverticulosis: Clinical Manifestations
Usually asymptomatic
Discovered accidentally or with presentation of acute diverticulitis
DiverticuLITIS
Inflammation of one or more of the pouches (diverticula)
Usually from retained fecal material
DiverticuLITIS: Clinical Manifestations
Abdominal pain – LLQ (Descending colon)
Fever
WBC- Increased
Constipation or diarrhea
ACUTE passage of large quantity of FRANK blood
Can resolve spontaneously
DiverticuLITIS: Complications
Perforation
Obstruction
