Renal Pharm (Exam 2)

Question 1

BCG vaccine: Class

Answer 1

Intravesical Therapy

Question 2

BCG Vaccine: MOA

Answer 2

-Stimulates inflammatory response in the bladder –goal is for the immune system to recognize cancerous cells and attack

Question 3

BCG Vaccine: Indication

Answer 3

Bladder Cancer

Question 4

BCG Vaccine: Adverse Reactions

Answer 4

Bladder irritation

Systemic infections because the drug is a live vaccine

Question 5

BCG Vaccine: Patient Instruction

Answer 5

Patient Instructions:

1. Empty bladder
2. Instill Vaccine into bladder (dwell 2 hours)
3. Change positions q 15

Question 6

BCG Vaccine: NSG Consideration

Answer 6

-Given weekly for 6-12 weeks

-Disinfect urine for 6 hours post treatment; watch for infection

-Live vaccine: Do not give to HIV or AID or immunocompromised

Question 7

Sodium Bicarbonate: MOA

Answer 7

-Alkaline agent and decrease pH

Question 8

Sodium Bicarbonate: Indications

Answer 8

-Metabolic acidosis causing CKD

-Slow CKD
Prevent bone loss
Improve nutritional status

Question 9

Sodium Bicarbonate: Adverse Reactions

Answer 9

-Bloating

Question 10

Sodium Bicarbonate: NSG consideration

Answer 10

-Initiate when HCO3 is less than 15 mEq/mL: Goal is 18-20

Question 11

calcium carbonate: MOA

Answer 11

Bind to phosphate

Question 12

calcium carbonate: Indications

Answer 12

-Keep normal phosphate levels and decrease mortality

Question 13

calcium carbonate: Adverse Reaction

Answer 13

Hypercalcemia

Question 14

calcium carbonate: NSG considerations

Answer 14

Take with meals

Question 15

calcitriol: MOA

Answer 15

-Activated from vitamin D; stimulate intestinal absorption of calcium/phosphate and bone mineralization

Question 16

calcitriol: Indications

Answer 16

-Used to treat renal osteodystrophy

Question 17

calcitriol: Adverse Reaction

Answer 17

-Hypercalcemia

-Hypophosphatemia

Question 18

calcitriol: NSG consideration

Answer 18

-25 dihydroxy vitamin D (active)

Question 19

finasteride: Class

Answer 19

5-alpha- reductase inhibitor

Question 20

finasteride: MOA

Answer 20

-Blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (alpha 1 receptors)

-Decrease epithelial tissue in prostate

Question 21

finasteride: Indications

Answer 21

-Mechanical obstruction of urethra

Question 22

finasteride: Adverse Reaction

Answer 22

-Impotence
Decreased libido (5-10%)
Gynecomastia

Question 23

finasteride: NSG consideration

Answer 23

-Works best in men’s prostates who are very enlarge

-6-12 months for the med to work and take for the rest of your life

-Increase hair growth and used to treat baldness

-Decrease PSA levels and if the PSA doesn’t fall evaluate for prostate cancers

-Women should not handle this drug because it can cause birth defects in men

-Cannot donate blood

Question 24

Dutasteride

Answer 24

Same as finasteride

Question 25

tamsulosin: Class

Answer 25

Alpha1 – Adrenergic Antagonist

Question 26

tamsulosin: MOA

Answer 26

-Relaxes smooth muscle cells

-Selective for alpha receptors in the prostate

Question 27

tamsulosin: Indications

Answer 27

-Dynamic obstruction of urethra

Question 28

tamsulosin: Adverse Reactions

Answer 28

-Abnormal ejaculation

-Well tolerated

Question 29

tamsulosin: NSG consideration

Answer 29

-Works quickly but has to be taken for life to maintain benefits

Question 30

sildenafil: Class

Answer 30

PDE-5 inhibitors

Question 31

sildenafil: MOA

Answer 31

-Inhibits PDE5

-Increases and preserves cGMP levels

-Only enhance the normal response to sexual stimulation

Question 32

sildenafil: Indications

Answer 32

-Relief of ED

-Pulmonary arterial hypertension

-BPH

Question 33

sildenafil: Adverse Reactions

Answer 33

-HA 16%

-Flushing 10%

-Dyspepsia 7%

-Priapism: Erection that is painful or last more than 4 hours medical emergency

-No more than once per day

Question 34

sildenafil: NSG consideration

Answer 34

-Take up to 4 hours before sexual activity (onset 30-60 minutes)

-Contraindicated: Preexisting CV disease or if on nitrate and hypotension

-Do not take with nitrates

-If you have chest pain or signs of heart attack call 911

-Sudden loss of vision or sudden loss of hearing