Chemo pt.2 (Exam 4) Flashcards
Cytotoxic Agents
(Chemo)
Largest class of chemo drugs and cause cell death
Hormonal Agents
Blocks the effects of hormones on tumor
Biologics
Alter the body response to cancer
Targeted drugs
Newer class, targets only cancer cells
Drugs that deal with chemo toxicites
Ondansetron and promethazine
Dexamethasone
Magic Mouth Wash
Cytotoxic Agent: MOA
Disrupt DNA synthesis
Disrupt Mitosis
Target High cell growth fractions
Cytotoxic Drugs
Alkylating agents
Antimetabolites
Antitumor antibiotics
Mitotic inhibitors
Alkylating agent
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide: MOA
Non specific cell cycle killer (does include G0)
Resistance
Cyclophosphamide: Toxicites
Usual toxicities:
Hemorrhagic Cystitis (bladder)
Sterility
Discoloration of skin and nails
Antimetabolites
methotrexate
methotrexate: MOA
S phase cell cycle specific (DNA Synthesis)
for leukemia and lymphoma
methotrexate: Toxicities
Usual toxicities:
-Nephrotoxic
-Hepatotoxicity
-Fetal death and abnormalities
Antitumor Antibiotics
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin: MOA
Cell cycle phase nonspecific (G0 included)
RED DEVIL
Doxorubicin: Toxicities
Usual toxicities:
-Cardiotoxicity
-Delayed cardiotoxicity
-Red color to everything
-Heart failure in women
Mitotic Inhibtors
Vinca Alkaloids
Vincritine
Vincristine: MOA +
M phase cell cycle specific
Combination therapy drug
Natural periwinkle source
Vincristine: Toxicities
Usual Toxicities:
NO BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
Peripheral Neuropathy
Drug use for Chemo Nausea and Vomiting
Ondansetron
Blocks serotonin receptors on vagal nerve and in the CTZ
Efficiency is improved with steroids
Antiemetic Serotonin Antagonist
Ondansetron
Blocks serotonin receptors on vagal nerve and CTZ
Efficacy improved with steroids
Antiemetic Dopamine Antagonist
Promethazine
Promethazine: Indication and MOA
Used for chemo and post opp N/V
Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
Promethazine: Major Adverse Effects
Respiratory depression
Drowsiness
BBW:
Resp depression < 2 yrs old
Gangrenous Extravasation
Promethazine: BBW
Children 2 years or younger = resp depression
Gangrenous Extravasation
Biologicals: MOA
Uses body immune system to kill the cancer cells.
Does this by stimulating the body immune system to attack the cancer cells through chemicals or making cancer cells easier targets
Biological: Types
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (Immune cells respond more strongly to cancer)
T-cell transfer therapy (Bost T-cells natural ability)
Monoclonal antibodies (Mark the cancer cells so they are better seen by our immune system)
Treatment vaccines (boosting immune system response to cancer)
Immune system modulators (Enhance body response against cancer)
Biologics Used to Treat
Leukemias / lymphomas
Breast
Bladder
Brain
Colon
Lung
Pancreatic
Biologics Side Effects
Immune system being to high:
-Pain
-Swelling
-Soreness
-Flu symptoms
-Diarrhea
-Risk for infection
