Cardiac Normal A&P

Question 1

Stroke Volume

Answer 1

The difference between end diastolic volume(blood at end of relaxation)

and

End systolic volume (blood at end of pump)

Question 2

Preload

Answer 2

Stretch of cardiac muscle cells before contraction

A lower preload leads to a lower stroke volume

Question 3

Frank Starling Law States

Answer 3

Increase in resting muscle fiber length results in greater muscle tension. “Length tension” relationship

The heart has the ability to change its force of contraction and SV in response to changes in the venous return

Question 4

Starlings Law of Capillary Forces

Answer 4

Oncotic pressure forces and hydrostatic pressure forces oppose each other at every capillary membrane and attempt to balance each other out

Question 5

After Load

Answer 5

Resistance that must be overcome in order to eject blood from the chamber

Left ventricular afterload is primarily determined by aortic blood pressure

An increase in afterload will lead to a decrease in stroke volume unless the heart compensates

Question 6

A person with high blood pressure will have a ________ afterload and be at risk for a ____________ stroke volume

Answer 6

High afterload

Low stroke volume

Question 7

Backwards effect of Left Ventricle

Answer 7

Pulmonary congestion

Question 8

Forward Effects of Left Ventricle

Answer 8

Inadequate ejection of blood into the aorta and diminished perfusion throughout circulatory system

Decrease perfusion of vital tissues activates neurohormonal response that includes stimulation of the RAAS, ADH, and sympathetic nervous systm

When kidney sense decrease perfusion, they vasoconstrict and stimulate the adrenal gland to produce aldosterone that holds onto water