Peripheral Vascular Disease (Exam 3) Flashcards
PVD is only called PAD when
ONLY the arteries are affected
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Umbrella term describing several circulatory disease
Pathophysiology of PAD
Related to atherosclerosis processes in the extremities
Vessels become thick and hardened.
This leads to ischemia
Risk factors for PVD and PAD
SMOKING 4x more
High cholesterol
Stroke
Diabetes
Heart Disease
Increased Age > 50
Etology of PVD
Atherosclerosis - Most common cause
A thrombus
Inflammation
Vasospasm
PVD caused by inflammation disease
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Inflammation of the arteries
PVD caused by Vasospasm
Raynaud’s disease
Vasoconstriction in peripheral arteries
Clinical Manifestations of PAD (Arteries)
d/t local tissue ischemia and appear in the extremities
Pain in calf or buttock:
-Numbness/Burning
-Heaviness
-Intermittent claudication
Wounds that don’t heal
Diminished sensations in extremities (Numbness)
Trophic skin changes:
-Shiny and thick
-Loss of leg hair
-Diminished pulses
-Pallor
-Reactive hyperemia
-Erectile dysfunciton
Intermittent Claudications
Consistent pain precipitated by consistent levels of exercise
Pain when people are walking
Ceases with Rest
Caused by ischemic tissue
Intermittent Claudication Pain Depends on
Site of plaque build up
Collateral circulation
Most common site for PAD
Femoral Artery Atherosclerosis
The 5 P’s of PAD
Pain
Pulselessness
Palpable coolness
Paresthesias
Paresis (Weakness of extremity)
PVD vs PAD
PVD:
Dull achy pain
Lower Leg Edema
Pulse Present and drainage
Sores with irregular borders
Yellow Slough or Ruddy Skin
PAD:
Intermittent Claudication
No Edema
No pulse
Sores smooth borders
Black Eschar
PVD vs PAD sores
PVD = Nasty sores on ankles
PAD = Nasty sores on toes and feet
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
A condition that occurs when the venous wall and / or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively
causing blood to pool or collect in these veins = venous stasis
Symptoms of Venous Insufficiency
Lower extremity edema
Achiness or tiredness
Leathery looking skin
Stasis ulcers
Flaking or itching skin
Varicose veins
Nonpharmacological treatment of PVD/PAD
Reduction of contribution factors
Smoking cessation
Increase PA
Weight reduction
Stress reductions
Diabetes management
HTN management
Pharmacological Treatment for PVD
Antiplatelets
Anticoagulants
Antilipemics
Antihypertensives
Pharmacological treatment for intermittent claudication
cilostazol
pentoxifylline
cilostazol
Treatment for intermittent claudication
Platelet inhibitor that vasodilates
pentoxifylline
Treatment for intermittent claudication
Decrease leg pain by increasing blood flow and O2. Helps you walk further
