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NUR 326 (Patho 1) > Exam 1a. Antibiotics Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis > Flashcards

Exam 1a. Antibiotics Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination Antibiotics

A

Sulbactam

Tazobactam

Avibactam

Clavulanic Acid

Penicillins and Cephalosporins are two major groups that have B-lactam structures

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2
Q

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination Antibiotics: Indications

A

-Give with antibiotics to combat bacteria that produces BETA LACTAMASE

-BETA lactamase render normal antibiotics useless

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3
Q

Penicillins

A

Natural = G/V

Penicillinase Resistant = Nafcillin

Aminopenicillin = Ampi and Amoxi

Extended Spectrum = Piperacillin

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4
Q

General Penicillins: MOA

A

Inhibits the synthesis of cell wall by inhibiting transpeptidases

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5
Q

General Penicillins Indications

A

-UTI-STI-PNA-ETC

-Bacteria must be growing and dividing

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6
Q

General Penicillins Adverse Reactions

A

Urticaria

Pruritus

Angioedema

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7
Q

General Penicillins: Interact with

A

-Interact with NSAID

-Interact with Oral Contraceptive

-Interact with Warfarin

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8
Q

Natural PCNS

A

G and V

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9
Q

Penicillin G and V: NSG Consideration

A

-1/2 life = 30 min

-Least toxic

-Used with aminoglycosides –> helps get into the cell and disrupt protein synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillinase Resistant PCNS

A

Nafcillin

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11
Q

Nafcillin: NSG consideration

A

-Treat staph bacteria. Anti staphylococcus pcns

-IV only

-Resist breakdown by the penicillinase enzyme

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12
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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13
Q

Ampicillin: Adverse Reaction

A

GI upset and rash

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14
Q

Ampicillin: NSG consideration

A

1st broad spectrum

Give IV

Renal sensitive

Not using as much because of drug resistance

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15
Q

Amoxicillin: Indications

A

Ear-nose-throat

Skin infections

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16
Q

Amoxicillin: NSG considerations

A

-Very common pediatric patients

-Less SE vs ampicillin

-Kids and PO

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17
Q

Extended Spectrum PCNS

A

Piperacillin

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18
Q

Piperacillin: Indications

A

-Pseudomonas bacterial infections

(most broad spectrum. Broad spectrum = hard on kidneys)

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19
Q

Piperacillin: Adverse Reactions

A

-platelet function

-renal dysfunction

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20
Q

Piperacillin: NSG consideration

A

-Always given with a beta lactamase inhibitor

-Do not give with patients with renal dysfunction

21
Q

General Cephalosporins: MOA

A

-Inhibits cell wall synthesis through same penicillin binding protein (inhibit transpeptidase)

22
Q

General Cephalosporins: Adverse Reactions

A

N/V/D/C

Rash

23
Q

General Cephalosporins: NSG considerations

A

-Often resistant to beta-lactamases (cephalosporinase)

-Cross sensitivity with PCN allergy

-Pregnancy Category B (safe)

24
Q

1st Generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

25
Q

Cephalexin: Indications

A

Skin infections and UTI’s

26
Q

Cefazolin: NSG consideration

A

IV only and is given as surgical prophylaxis

Does not work against CNS infections

27
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Cefuroxime

Cefotetan

Cefuroxime does not kill anaerobic bacteria or CNS infections

28
Q

3rd Generation Cehpalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone

Ceftazidime

Cefotaxime

dxx

29
Q

Ceftriaxone: Indications

A

3rd generation

used for CNS infections like meningitis

30
Q

Ceftriaxone: NSG considerations

A

EXTREMELY long acting (once per day dosing benefit)

(Can cross BBB to treat CNS infections)

(Do not give to liver failure patients)

31
Q

Ceftazidime: Indications

A

3rd generation

Pseudomonas

32
Q

4th generation cephalosporin

33
Q

cefepime: NSG consideration

A

Give to patients when we are unsure of the type. This is very broad spectrum and cross the BBB

34
Q

5th generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

35
Q

Ceftaroline: Indications

A

Good Sam

MRSA MSSA

VRSA VISA

36
Q

Ceftaroline: NSG consideration

A

-Does not work against Enterobacter, pseudomonas, ESBL, Klebsiella coverage

-Needs to be renally dosed (monitor kidney levels)

37
Q

General Carbapenems: MOA

A

Bactericidal and Cell wall inhibitor (same as previous two classes)

38
Q

General Carbapenems: Adverse Reactions

A

Drug induced seizure activity

39
Q

Carbapenems: NSG Consideration

A

-Broadest spectrum of all antibiotics

-Last resort medications

-All are IV and must be INFUSED OVER 60 Min

40
Q

impienem / cilastin: Indications

A

Complicated infections

Can penetrate BBB and meninges

41
Q

impienem / cilastin: Adverse Reactions

A

-Seizures: Especially in elderly and with other meds that can induce them

42
Q

impienem / cilastin: NSG considerations

A

-Combo of the carbapenem with dehydropeptidase inhibitor (cilastin)

-Most broad spectrum

-Binds to penicillin-binding proteins  inhibits the cell wall synthesis VERY resistant to BETA-LACTAMASE

43
Q

meropenem: Adverse Reaction and NSG consideration

A

-Rash and Diarrhea

-Does not degrade in kidneys

-less seizure acitivity

44
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotic

A

Vancomycin

45
Q

Vancomycin: MOA

A

-Destroys by binding to bacterial cell wall –> producing immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis and death

46
Q

Vancomycin: Indications

A

-MDRS and PCN resistant infections

-C.diff and pseudomembranous colitis

47
Q

Vancomycin: Adverse Reactions

A

Toxic Side Effects:

-Ototoxicity with high levels (reversible)

-Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

-Nephrotoxic watch when using with other drugs

-Watch with neuromuscular blockades (paralyzers)

48
Q

Vancomycin: NSG consideration

A

-Works on Gram + infections  Including MRSA and PCN resistant pneumococcus

-Kidneys eliminate drug; decrease doses for renal dysfunction

-Peak and trough levels to keep therapeutic

49
Q

Vancomycin: Red Man Syndrome

A

Rapid infusion. Flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension

Infuse slowly and over long periods (usually not harmful)

NUR 326 (Patho 1) (62 decks)

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