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Behavioral Sciences > Vision 2.2 [HY] > Flashcards

Vision 2.2 [HY] Flashcards

1
Q

What’s Sclera?

A

White of the eye

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2
Q

Choroidal vessels

A

two sets of blood vessels, supplied the eye with nutrients

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3
Q

Retina Vessels

A

complex intermingling
of blood vessels between the sclera and the retina

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4
Q

Retina

A

contains actual photoreceptors that transduce light into electrical information the brain can process.

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5
Q

Cornea

A

clear, domelike window in the front of the eye, which gathers and focuses the incoming light

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6
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

front of the eye, lies in front of the iris

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7
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

Between the iris and the lens

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8
Q

Iris

A
  • colored part of the eye
  • Two Muscles: dilator pupillae, which opens the pupil under sympathetic stimulation & constrictor pupillae, which constricts the pupil under
    parasympathetic stimulation
  • continuous with the choroid
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9
Q

Choroid

A

vascular layer of connective tissue that surrounds and provides nourishment to the retina.

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10
Q

Ciliary Body

A

produces the aqueous humor that bathes the front part of the eye before draining into the canal of Schlemm

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11
Q

Lens

A

Lies right behind the iris and helps control the refraction of the incoming light.

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12
Q

Ciliary Muscle

A

As the muscle contracts, it pulls on the suspensory ligaments and changes the shape of the lens to focus on an image as the distance varies (called accomodation)

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13
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

transparent gel that supports the retina

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14
Q

Retina

A
  • Back of the eye and is like a screen consisting of neural
    elements and blood vessels. Its function is to convert incoming photons of light to electrical signals.
  • Part of CNS
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15
Q

Duplicity theory of vision

A

retina contains two kinds of
photoreceptors (Cones and Rods)

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16
Q

Cones

A
  • Color vision
  • Sense fine details
  • requires far more light b/c each cone responds only to certain wavelengths of light
17
Q

Rods

A
  • more functional than cones
  • highly sensitive to photons
  • easier to stimulate than a cone cell
  • can be stimulated by light of any color (unlike cones)
  • Only sense light and dark
  • Not great for detecting fine details b/c spread over a much larger area of the retina
  • More rods than cones
18
Q

Rhodopsin

A
  • Reason for sensitivity of rods
  • all rods contain only a single pigment type
19
Q

Macula

A
  • Central section of the retina
  • has a high concentration of cones
20
Q

Fovea

A
  • the centermost region of the macula
  • contains only cones
  • Further away from fovea, rod concentration increases and cone decreases
  • Where visual acuity is best
21
Q

Optic Disk

A
  • devoid of photoreceptors
  • gives rise to a blind spot
22
Q

Bipolar Cells

A
  • Where rods and cones synapse directly & highlight gradients between adjacent rods or cones
23
Q

How does photon travel in eye?

A

Rods & Cones in back of the eye -> action potentials Bipolar Cells -> Ganglion Cells -> Optic Nerve

24
Q

Resolution relationship with ganglion

A
  • More receptors on one ganglion the lower the resolution
  • Fewer cones on single ganglion cell than rods
25
Q

Amacrine and Horizontal Cells

A
  • receive input from multiple retinal cells in the same area before the information is
    passed on to ganglion cells.
  • accentuate slight differences between the visual information in each bipolar
    cell
  • increase our perception of contrasts
26
Q

Visual Pathway

A
  • Visual information is processed contralaterally
  • Nasal fibers cross at optic chiasm
  • the temporal field of each eye
    stimulates the nasal fibers of each eye
27
Q

LGN of thalamus

A

some visual signals synapse with nerves that then pass through radiations in the temporal and parietal lobes to the visual cortex
- Has Parvo and Magnocellular cells

28
Q

Superior Colliculi

A
  • When nerve fibers skip the thalamus, go to Superior Colliculi in midbrain
  • control some reflexive responses to visual stimuli and reflexive eye movements.
29
Q

Parallel Processing

A
  • brain’s ability to analyze information regarding color, form, motion, and depth simultaneously
  • i.e. use independent pathways in the brain
30
Q

Form

A
  • Object and its boundaries
31
Q

Parvocellular Cells

A
  • In LGN
  • Where neurons carrying information from the fovea and surrounding central portion of the retina synapse
  • High spatial resolution: detect very fine detail
  • Low Temporal resolution
32
Q

Temporal Resolution

A

Ability to detect fast/moving objects

33
Q

Magnocellular Cells

A
  • In LGN
  • high temporal resolution
  • Good for detecting motion
  • In periphery
34
Q

Binocular Neurons

A

responsible for comparing the inputs to each hemisphere and detecting these differences.

35
Q

Feature Detectors

A
  • detects a very particular, individual feature of an
    object in the visual field
  • Activated in parallel

Behavioral Sciences (41 decks)

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