Organization of the Brain 1.3 [HY] Flashcards
Meninges
Thick, three-layered sheath of connective tissue
Mnemonic for Meninges Layer
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Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
Dura mater
outer layer of connective tissue
Arachnoid mater
middle layer, fibrous, weblike structure
Pia Mater
inner layer,
connected directly to the brain
What do meninges do?
help protect the brain by keeping it anchored within the skull, and the meninges
also resorb cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
aqueous solution that
nourishes the brain and spinal cord and provides a protective cushion.
3 Parts of the human brain
the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain
What regions are a part of the brainstem?
Hind and midbrain
What’s limbic system associated with?
Emotion and Memory
Functions of the Cerebral Cortex
- Language processing
- Problem solving
- Impulse control
- Long-term planning.
- Complex perceptual
- Cognitive
- Behavioral processes
Functions of Basal Ganglia
Movement
Functions of Limbic System
Emotion and memory
Functions of Thalamus
Sensory relay station
Functions of Hypothalamus
Hunger and thirst; emotion
Functions of Inferior and superior colliculi
Sensorimotor reflexes
Functions of Cerebellum
- Refined motor movements
- helps maintain posture and balance
Functions of Medulla oblongata
Heart, vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing)
Functions of Reticular formation
Arousal and alertness
Functions of Pons
Communication within the brain, breathing
Location of hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
where the brain meets the spinal cord
What does the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) split into?
myelencephalon and metencephalon
What does the myelencephalon become?
Medulla oblongata
What does the metencephalon become?
pons and cerebellum
What type of information does midbrain (mesencephalon) receive?
- sensory and motor information from the rest of the body
What does the superior colliculus receive?
visual sensory input.
Visual reflexes
What does the inferior colliculus receive?
sensory information from
the auditory system. Auditory relay point
What is the forebrain called?
Prosencephalon
What does the forebrain (prosencephalon) divide into?
telencephalon (which forms the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system
and
diencephalon (which forms the thalamus, hypothalamus,
posterior pituitary gland, and pineal gland)
What does the EEG involve?
involves placing several electrodes on the scalp
What is the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)?
- detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain.
- relies on the assumption that
blood flow increases to regions of the brain that are engaged in cognitive function. - To measure blood flow, the patient inhales a harmless
radioactive gas; a special device that can detect radioactivity in the bloodstream
What is a CAT scan?
multiple X-rays are taken at different angles and processed by a computer to produce cross-sectional images
of the tissue.
What is PET (positron emission tomography) scan?
- radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into the body, and its dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged.
What is MRI?
a magnetic field that
interacts with hydrogen atoms is used to map out hydrogen dense regions of the body.
What is fMRI?
uses the same base technique as MRI, but specifically measures changes associated with blood flow.
