Organization of the Brain 1.3 [HY]

Question 1

Meninges

Answer 1

Thick, three-layered sheath of connective tissue

Question 2

Mnemonic for Meninges Layer

Answer 2

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Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 3

Dura mater

Answer 3

outer layer of connective tissue

Question 4

Arachnoid mater

Answer 4

middle layer, fibrous, weblike structure

Question 5

Pia Mater

Answer 5

inner layer,
connected directly to the brain

Question 6

What do meninges do?

Answer 6

help protect the brain by keeping it anchored within the skull, and the meninges
also resorb cerebrospinal fluid

Question 7

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 7

aqueous solution that
nourishes the brain and spinal cord and provides a protective cushion.

Question 8

3 Parts of the human brain

Answer 8

the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain

Question 9

What regions are a part of the brainstem?

Answer 9

Hind and midbrain

Question 10

What’s limbic system associated with?

Answer 10

Emotion and Memory

Question 11

Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

Answer 11

• Language processing
• Problem solving
• Impulse control
• Long-term planning.
• Complex perceptual
• Cognitive
• Behavioral processes

Question 12

Functions of Basal Ganglia

Answer 12

Movement

Question 13

Functions of Limbic System

Answer 13

Emotion and memory

Question 14

Functions of Thalamus

Answer 14

Sensory relay station

Question 15

Functions of Hypothalamus

Answer 15

Hunger and thirst; emotion

Question 16

Functions of Inferior and superior colliculi

Answer 16

Sensorimotor reflexes

Question 17

Functions of Cerebellum

Answer 17

• Refined motor movements
• helps maintain posture and balance

Question 18

Functions of Medulla oblongata

Answer 18

Heart, vital reflexes (vomiting, coughing)

Question 19

Functions of Reticular formation

Answer 19

Arousal and alertness

Question 20

Functions of Pons

Answer 20

Communication within the brain, breathing

Question 21

Location of hindbrain (rhombencephalon)

Answer 21

where the brain meets the spinal cord

Question 22

What does the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) split into?

Answer 22

myelencephalon and metencephalon

Question 23

What does the myelencephalon become?

Answer 23

Medulla oblongata

Question 24

What does the metencephalon become?

Answer 24

pons and cerebellum

Question 25

What type of information does midbrain (mesencephalon) receive?

Answer 25

- sensory and motor information from the rest of the body

Question 26

What does the superior colliculus receive?

Answer 26

visual sensory input. Visual reflexes

Question 27

What does the inferior colliculus receive?

Answer 27

sensory information from the auditory system. Auditory relay point

Question 28

What is the forebrain called?

Answer 28

Prosencephalon

Question 29

What does the forebrain (prosencephalon) divide into?

Answer 29

telencephalon (which forms the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system and diencephalon (which forms the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and pineal gland)

Question 30

What does the EEG involve?

Answer 30

involves placing several electrodes on the scalp

Question 31

What is the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)?

Answer 31

- detects broad patterns of neural activity based on increased blood flow to different parts of the brain. - relies on the assumption that blood flow increases to regions of the brain that are engaged in cognitive function. - To measure blood flow, the patient inhales a harmless radioactive gas; a special device that can detect radioactivity in the bloodstream

Question 32

What is a CAT scan?

Answer 32

multiple X-rays are taken at different angles and processed by a computer to produce cross-sectional images of the tissue.

Question 33

What is PET (positron emission tomography) scan?

Answer 33

- radioactive sugar is injected and absorbed into the body, and its dispersion and uptake throughout the target tissue is imaged.

Question 34

What is MRI?

Answer 34

a magnetic field that interacts with hydrogen atoms is used to map out hydrogen dense regions of the body.

Question 34

What is fMRI?

Answer 34

uses the same base technique as MRI, but specifically measures changes associated with blood flow.