Parts of Forebrain (1.4)

Question 1

Forebrain is…

Answer 1

largest portion of the brain by weight and volume

Question 2

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 2

• serves as an important
  relay station for incoming sensory information except
  for smell
• sorts and transmits them to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 3

Functions of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 3

Feeding
Fighting
Flighting
Fucking

Question 4

What does lateral hypothalamus do?

Answer 4

detect when the body needs more food or
fluids.

Question 5

What does anterior hypothalamus do?

Answer 5

sexual behavior, regulates sleep and body temperature.

Question 6

What is the posterior pituitary comprised of?

Answer 6

• comprised of axonal projections from the hypothalamus
  -site of release for the hypothalamic hormones (ADH i.e. vasopression) and oxcytocin

Question 7

What does the pineal gland do?

Answer 7

• key player in several biological rhythms
• secretes melatonin, regulates circadian, receives signals from retina

Question 8

How does the basal ganglia function?

Answer 8

Using the extrapyramidal system which gathers information about body position and carries this information to the CNS, but does not function
directly through motor neurons.

Question 9

What’s in the limbic system?

Answer 9

septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior
cingulate cortex

Question 10

What is the septal nuclei?

Answer 10

One of the primary pleasure centers in the brain

Question 11

What do lesions to the amygdala cause?

Answer 11

docility and hypersexual states

Question 12

Where does the hippocampus redistribute memories?

Answer 12

Redistribute remote memories to the cerebral cortex

Question 13

How does the hippocampus communicates with other portions of the limbic
system?

Answer 13

Long projection called the fornix

Question 14

What’s anterograde amnesia?

Answer 14

Not being able to establish new long-term memories

Question 15

What’s retrograde amnesia?

Answer 15

memory loss of events that transpired before brain injury

Question 16

What does the anterior
cingulate cortex do?

Answer 16

• functions in higher order cognitive processes,
• regulation of impulse control and decision-making.
• emotion and motivation (via connection to limbic)

Question 17

What is the cerebral cortex sometimes called?

Answer 17

Neocortex

Question 18

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 18

• Manages executive function by supervising and directing the operations of other brain regions.
• regulate attention and alertness
• communicates with the
  reticular formation in the brainstem, telling an individual either to wake up
  or to relax
• associated with perception, memory, emotion, impulse control, and longterm
  planning.
• reminds individuals that they
  have something to remember at a

Question 19

What do prefrontal lesions do?

Answer 19

• Impulsivity
• less in control of their behavior
• angry outbursts
• higher predisposition to
  crying
• vulgar and inappropriate sexual remarks
• apathetic to the
  emotional responses of others

Question 20

What is an association area?

Answer 20

integrates input from diverse regions of the brain

Question 21

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 21

on the precentral gyrus, just in front of the central sulcus that divides the frontal and parietal lobes.
- a projection area

Question 22

How are fine motor controls reflected in the cortex?

Answer 22

they take up additional space in the cortex relative to
their size in the body

Question 23

What is the central region of the parietal lobe associated with?

Answer 23

• spatial processing and manipulation
• makes it possible to orient oneself and other objects in three-dimensional space

*Basically proprioception

Question 24

What is the visual cortex also called?

Answer 24

Striate Cortex

Question 25

What does the occiptal lobe also do?

Answer 25

learning and motor control

Question 26

How do motor neurons coordinate movement?

Answer 26

motor neurons on the left side of the brain activate movements on the right side of the body

Question 27

What sense communicates Ipsalaterally?

Answer 27

Hearing

Question 28

What does the dominant (left) hemisphere do?

Answer 28

• primarily analytic
• manages details
• language, logic, and math skills
• screens incoming language to analyze its content

Question 29

What does the nondominant (right) hemisphere do?

Answer 29

• intuition
• creativity
• music cognition
• spatial processing
• more sensitive to the emotional tone of spoken language, and permits us to recognize others’ moods based
  on visual and auditory cue