Consciousness 4.3 [HY] Flashcards
1
Q
Reticular formation (reticular activation system)
A
- reticular activation system
- a neural structure located in the brainstem, to keep the cortex awake and alert
- disruption results in coma
2
Q
What do EEG’s do?
A
records an average of the electrical patterns within different portions of the
brain.
3
Q
Beta waves
A
- have a high frequency and occur when the person is alert or attending to a mental task that requires concentration.
- occur when neurons are randomly firing
4
Q
Alpha waves
A
- when we are awake but relaxing with our eyes closed, and are somewhat slower than beta waves
- more synchronized than beta waves.
5
Q
Stage 1 (NREM1)
A
- As soon as you doze off
- Theta Waves
- waveforms with
slower frequencies and higher voltages. - Resembles meditation
6
Q
Stage 2 (NREM2)
A
- Theta Waves
- Sleep spindles: bursts of high frequency waves
- K complexes: singular high-amplitude waves
- mental experience starts to shift to a dreamlike state
7
Q
Stage 3 (NREM3)
A
- Slow-wave sleep (SWS)
- Delta Waves: low-frequency, high-voltage sleep waves
- SWS is associated with cognitive recovery and memory consolidation, as well as increased growth hormone release.
8
Q
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
A
- Interspersed between cycles of the NREM stages
- arousal levels reach that of wakefulness, but the muscles are paralyzed
- paradoxical sleep because one’s heart rate, breathing patterns, and EEG mimic wakefulness
- Procedural & Declarative (conscious memory of particular facts) memory Consolidation
- 75% of dreaming occurs during REM
- REM dreams tend to be longer and more vivid than those experienced during
NREM sleep
9
Q
Order of Brain waves MNEUMONIC
A
BAT-D: Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta
10
Q
Cortisol and wakefulness
A
- produced in the adrenal cortex
- levels slowly increase during early morning
- increasing light causes the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus
- CRF causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary, which stimulates cortisol release.
11
Q
Activation–synthesis theory
A
- dreams are caused by widespread, random activation of neural circuitry.
- This activation can mimic incoming sensory information, and may also consist of
pieces of stored memories, current and previous desires, met and unmet needs, and other experiences.
12
Q
Problem solving dream theory
A
- Dreams are a way
to solve problems while you are sleeping - Dreams are untethered by the rules of the real world, and thus allow interpretation of obstacles differently than
during waking hours.
13
Q
Cognitive process dream theory
A
- dreams are merely the sleeping counterpart of stream-of-consciousness
14
Q
Neurocognitive models of dreaming seek to do?
A
seek to unify biological
and psychological perspectives on dreaming by correlating the subjective, cognitive experience of dreaming with measurable physiological changes
15
Q
Dyssomnias
A
- disorders that make it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep, or avoid sleep.
- Include insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.
