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Behavioral Sciences > Personality 6.3 [HY] > Flashcards

Personality 6.3 [HY] Flashcards

1
Q

Identity vs Personality

A

identity describes who we are, while personality describes how we act and react to the world around us.

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2
Q

The Psychoanalytic Perspective of Personality

A

all have in common the assumption of unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions of individuals and determine personality.

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3
Q

Id

A

Basic primal survival urges

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4
Q

Pleasure Principles

A

want immediate gratification to resolve urge

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5
Q

Primary Process

A

Response to tension of not resolving urge, via wish fulfillment (daydreaming)

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6
Q

Reality principle

A
  • taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id and the id’s pleasure principle.
  • aim of the reality principle is to postpone the pleasure principle until satisfaction can actually be obtained
  • Guidance is secondary process
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7
Q

Ego

A
  • Response to unfulfilled Id
  • ego can be understood to be the organizer of the mind: it receives its power from—and can never be fully independent of—the id.
  • responsible for moderating the desires of the superego
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8
Q

Secondary Process

A

Uses reality principle to cope with pleasure principle

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9
Q

Superego

A
  • Needs are refined
    and focused on the ideal self
  • personality’s perfectionist,
    judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures.
  • Subsystems of superego:
    conscience: is a collection of the improper actions for which a child is punished
    ego-ideal: consists of those proper actions for which a child is rewarded
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10
Q

Preconscious

A

thoughts that we aren’t currently aware of

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11
Q

Unconscious

A

thoughts that have been
repressed

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12
Q

Eros

A
  • promote an individual’s quest for survival through thirst,
    hunger, and sexual needs
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13
Q

Thanatos

A
  • Death instincts represent an unconscious wish for death and destruction
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14
Q

Reaction formation

A
  • when an individual suppresses urges by unconsciously converting these urges into their exact opposites.
  • Ex. Pining for celebrity and expressing hate
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15
Q

Thematic apperception test

A
  • consists of a series of pictures that are presented to the client, who is asked to make up a story about each one.
  • Elucidating unconscious thoughts and feelings
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16
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable
direction

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17
Q

Jung

A
  • preferred to think of libido as psychic energy in general, not just psychic energy rooted in sexuality
  • identified the ego as the conscious mind, and he divided the unconscious into two
    parts: personal unconscious - like freud’s and Collective Unconscious - a powerful system that is shared among all humans and considered to be a
    residue of the experiences of our early ancestors
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18
Q

Jung Archetypes

A
  • Persona—the aspect of our personality we present to the world
  • Anima—a “man’s inner woman”
  • Animus—a “woman’s inner man”
  • Shadow—unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions
    experienced in the unconscious mind
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19
Q

Jung’s idea of self

A

point of intersection between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious mind.

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20
Q

word association testing

A
  • to assess how unconscious elements may be influencing
    the conscious mind and thus the self.
  • believed that patient responses, in combination with evaluating mood and speed of response, would reveal elements of the unconscious
21
Q

Myers–Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI)

A
  • Each of Jung’s three dichotomies, and a fourth—judging vs perceiving
    -Extraversion (E) vs Introversion (I)
  • Sensing (S) vs Intuiting (N)
  • Thinking (T) vs Feeling (F)
  • Judging (J) vs Perceiving (P)

*My results INFJ
* Intuiting is abstract thought

22
Q

Creative self

A

the force by which individuals shape their uniqueness and establish their personality

23
Q

Style of Life (Adler)

A

the manifestation of the creative self and describes a person’s unique way of
achieving superiority.

24
Q

fictional finalism (Adler)

A

the notion that individuals are motivated more by their expectations of the future than by past experiences.

25
Q

Neurotic Needs (Horney)

A
  • Each of these needs
    is directed toward making life and interactions bearable.
  • need for affection and approval, the need to exploit
    others, and the need for self-sufficiency and independence
  • needs become problematic if they fit at least one of four criteria: they are disproportionate in intensity, they are indiscriminate in application, they partially disregard reality, or they have a tendency to provoke intense
    anxiety.
26
Q

Object Relations Theory

A

Falls under the realm of psychodynamic
theories of personality. In this context, object refers to the representation of caregivers based on subjective experiences during early infancy

27
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

focus on the value of individuals and take a more person-centered approach,
describing those ways in which healthy people strive toward self-realization

28
Q

Gestalt therapy

A
  • practitioners tend to take a holistic view of the self, seeing each individual as a complete
    person rather than reducing the person to individual behaviors or drives
  • our personality is the result of the conscious feelings we
    have for ourselves as we attempt to attain our needs and goals.
29
Q

Force Field Theory (Lewin)

A
  • focused little on an individual’s past or future,
    focusing instead on situations in the present
  • defined the field as one’s
    current state of mind, which was simply the sum of the forces (influences)
    on the individual at that time.
  • these forces could
    be divided into two large groups: those assisting in our attainment of goals
    and those blocking the path to them
  • State of mind categorized by influence if neg or pos.
30
Q

Peak Experiences

A

profound and deeply moving
experiences in a person’s life that have important and lasting effects on the
individual

31
Q

Personal construct psychology (Kelly)

A

a person who devises and tests
predictions about the behavior of significant people in the individual’s life. the individual constructs a scheme of anticipation of what others will do, based on knowledge, perception, and relationships with these other people.

32
Q

Client-centered, Person-centered (Rogers)

A

Rather than providing solutions or diagnoses, the person-centered therapist helps clients
reflect on problems, make choices, generate solutions, take positive action, and determine their own destiny.

33
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

a therapeutic technique by which the therapist accepts the client completely and expresses
empathy in order to promote a positive therapeutic environment

34
Q

Type theorists

A

attempt to create a taxonomy of personality types

35
Q

Trait theorists

A

prefer to describe individual personality as the sum of a person’s characteristic behaviors

36
Q

Greek Personality Types

A
  • based on humors or
    body fluids, an imbalance of which could lead to various personality disorders
  • Blood, Yellow Bile, Phlegm, & Black Bile
37
Q

Somatotypes

A

proposed personality types based on body type

38
Q

PEN model

A
  • Psychoticism is a measure of nonconformity or social deviance.
  • Extraversion is a measure of tolerance for social interaction and stimulation.
  • Neuroticism is a measure of emotional arousal in stressful
    situations.
39
Q

Big 5 traits with Mneumonic

A

OCEAN
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

40
Q

Negative Affect

A
  • related to neuroticism
  • how a person thinks of themselves and experiences negative emotions.
  • High negative affect corresponds with neuroticism and anxiety
41
Q

Trait theory (Allport)

A
  • listed three basic types of traits or dispositions: cardinal, central, and secondary
  • Cardinal traits are traits
    around which people organize their lives.
  • Central traits represent major characteristics of the personality that are easy to infer, such as honesty or charisma
  • Secondary traits are other personal characteristics that are more limited in occurrence: aspects of one’s personality that only appear in close groups or specific social situations
  • Functional autonomy: a behavior continues despite satisfaction of the drive that originally created the behavior.
42
Q

Personality Trait the need
for achievement (N-Ach) (McClelland)

A

People who are rated high in N-Ach tend to be concerned with achievement and have pride in their accomplishments. These individuals avoid high risks (to avoid failing) and low risks (because easy tasks will not generate a sense of achievement).

43
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A
  • Based heavily on the concepts of operant conditioning reasoned that personality is simply a reflection of behaviors that have been reinforced over time.
  • Token economy: are often used in inpatient therapeutic settings: positive behavior is rewarded with tokens that
    can be exchanged for privileges, treats, or other reinforcers.
44
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

how our environment influences our behavior, but also on how we interact with that environment

45
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A
  • refers to the idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given
    situation.
  • People choose environments that suit their personalities, and their personalities determine how they will feel about and react to events in those
    environments.
46
Q

Biological perspective

A

holds that personality can be explained as a result of genetic expression in the brain

47
Q

Dispositional approach
(Behavior)

A

behavior is primarily determined by an individual’s personality

48
Q

Situational approach

A

behavior is primarily determined by the environment and context

Behavioral Sciences (41 decks)

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