Self-Presentation and Interacting with Others 9.2 [HY]

Question 1

Basic model of emotional expression (Darwin)

Answer 1

• emotional expression involves a number of
  components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, and
  physiological changes
  many researchers have found that a number of basic human emotions are
  universally experienced and that their corresponding facial expressions are
  universally recognized

Question 2

Appraisal model

Answer 2

there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

Question 3

Social construction model

Answer 3

assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions. Instead, emotions are based on experiences and the situational context alone

Question 4

Display rules

Answer 4

• Cultural expectations of
  emotions
• govern which emotions can be expressed and to what degree

Question 5

Cultural syndrome

Answer 5

• Shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme
• influence the rules for expressing or suppressing emotions and can even influence the ways emotions are experienced

Question 6

Impression management

Answer 6

• refers to our attempts to influence how others perceive us.
• done by regulating or controlling information we present about ourselves in social interactions
• theorists describe three “selves” Authentic, Ideal and Tactical

Question 7

Authentic self

Answer 7

• who the person
  actually is, including both positive and negative attributes

Question 8

Tactical self

Answer 8

• Who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others’ expectations of us

Question 9

Dramaturgical approach (Goffman)

Answer 9

• Form of impression management
• using the metaphor of a theatrical performance to
  describe how individuals create images of themselves in various situations

Question 10

Front stage self (Goffman)

Answer 10

• Form of impression management
• persona they present to an audience

Question 11

Back stage self

Answer 11

• Form of impression management
• the persona adopted when not in a social situation and
  there is no concern about upholding the performance of a desired public image.

Question 12

Generalized Other (Mead)

Answer 12

• Observer in a social situation
• Generalized other determines Me and Me determines behavior of I

Question 13

Me (Mead)

Answer 13

• Behavior acceptable to a hypothetical observer in a social situation

Question 14

I (Mead)

Answer 14

• Person’s own impulses

Question 15

Animal facial Expression Facts

Answer 15

• many animals (especially mammals) use facial expressions to indicate similar emotions to body language
• Many animals use scents to communicate both intraspecifically (between
  members of the same species) and interspecifically (between members of
  different species)