Stress 5.3 [HY]

Question 1

Primary Appraisal

Answer 1

• the initial examination, which results in the identification of
  the stress as irrelevant, benign–positive, or stressful. If identified as a threat, secondary
  appraisal starts

Question 2

Secondary appraisal

Answer 2

• evaluation of one’s ability to cope with the stress
• involves the evaluation of three things: harm, or
  damage caused by the event; threat, or the potential for future damage caused by the event; and challenge, or the potential to overcome and possibly benefit from the event.

Question 3

Distress

Answer 3

occurs when a stressor is perceived as unpleasant (e.g., a threat)

Question 4

Eustress

Answer 4

the result of a positively-perceived stressor (e.g., a challenge)

Question 5

Social readjustment rating scale

Answer 5

• any event requiring individuals to change or adapt their lifestyle leads to stress.
• measured in “life change units”

Question 6

Psychological stressors

Answer 6

Pressure, control, predictability,
frustration, and conflict

Question 7

Approach- Approach Conflict

Answer 7

the need to choose between two desirable options.

Question 8

Avoidance–avoidance Conflicts

Answer 8

choices between two negative options.

Question 9

Approach–avoidance conflicts

Answer 9

deal with only one choice, goal, or event, but the outcome could have both positive and negative elements.

Question 10

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 10

• consists of three distinct stages
• Alarm: Initial rxn + sympathetic nervous system -> hypothalamus stimulates pituitary release of ACTH -> Stimulates adrenal glands to make cortisol -> Adrenal medulla makes epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

-Resistance: continuous release of hormones allows the sympathetic nervous system to remain engaged to fight the stressor.

-Exhaustion:when the body can no longer maintain an elevated response with sympathetic nervous system
activity. Individuals become more susceptible to illnesses and medical conditions (such as ulcers and high blood pressure), organ systems
can begin to deteriorate (with effects including heart disease), and in extreme cases, death can result.