Object Recognition 2.5 [HY]

Question 1

Bottom-up (data-driven) processing

Answer 1

object recognition by parallel
processing and feature detection

Question 2

Top-down (conceptually driven) processing

Answer 2

• driven by memories and expectations that allow the brain to recognize the whole object and then recognize the
  components based on these expectations
• Ex. Deductive reasoning

Question 3

Perceptual Organization

Answer 3

the ability to create a complete picture or idea by combining top-down and bottom-up processing with all of the other
sensory clues gathered from an object

Question 4

Monocular cues

Answer 4

only require one eye and
include relative size, interposition, linear perspective, motion parallax, and other minor cues

Question 5

Relative size

Answer 5

refers to the idea that objects appear larger the closer they are

Question 6

Interposition

Answer 6

when two objects overlap, the
one in front is closer

Question 7

Linear perspective

Answer 7

the convergence of
parallel lines at a distance

Question 8

Motion parallax

Answer 8

perception that objects closer to us seem to move faster when we change our field of vision (look at something else).

Question 9

Binocular Cues

Answer 9

involve retinal disparity which refers to the slight difference in images projected on the two retinas

Question 10

Convergence

Answer 10

the brain detects the angle between the two eyes
required to bring an object into focus.

Question 11

Constancy

Answer 11

ability to perceive that certain characteristics of objects remain the same, despite
changes in the environment.

Question 12

Gestalt Principles

Answer 12

Set of general rules that
account for the fact that the brain tends to view incomplete stimuli in organized, patterned ways

Question 13

Law of proximity (Gestalt)

Answer 13

elements close to one another tend to be perceived as a unit.

Question 14

Law of Similarity

Answer 14

objects that are similar tend to be grouped together.

Question 15

Law of Good Continuation (Gestalt)

Answer 15

elements that appear to follow in the same pathway tend to be grouped together

Question 16

Law of Closure (Gestalt)

Answer 16

when a space is enclosed by a contour, the space tends to be perceived as a complete figure

Question 17

Law of Prägnanz (Gestalt)

Answer 17

perceptual organization will always be as regular, simple, and symmetric as possible.