URR 34 Flashcards by Billie Harney

All of the following are true regarding the spiral valves of Heister, except:
a. may simulate stone
b. located in the CBD
c. may simulate shadow
d. located in the cystic duct

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The abdominal organ that produces the majority of alkaline phosphatase is?
a. gallbladder
b. spleen
c. liver
d. pancreas

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Islets of Langerhans secrete ___ into ___.
a. insulin, bloodstream
b. cholecystokinin, gallbladder
c. lipase, pancreatic duct
d. sodium bicarbonate, duodenum

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The normal gallbladder is usually less than ___ in transverse diameter.
a. 5cm
b. 8cm
c. 3mm
d. 3cm

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The Rex-Cantlie line is an imaginary line that extends from the ___ in the liver.
a. middle hepatic vein to the main portal vein
b. GB fossa to IVC
c. GB neck to right portal vein
d. right to left portal vein

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What organ produces sodium bicarbonate?
a. pancreas
b. kidneys
c. parathyroid gland
d. adrenal gland

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During an abdominal ultrasound, a 4mm circular anechoic structure is identified at the posterior portion of the pancreas head. Color flow is not identified in the structure. What is it?
a. IMA
b. CHD
c. CBD
d. GDA

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The spleen is ____ and is a ____peritoneal organ.

encapsulated
intra

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The outer layer of the spleen capsule is:

peritoneum

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The outer layer of the capsule of the spleen covers the entire organ except:

hilum

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The ___ layer of the spleen is fibroelastic and smooth muscle fiber capsule which surrounds the entire organ

middle

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The ____ layer of the capsule projects into the organ, forming patitions in the pulp.

inner

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The ____ ligament connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach.

gastrosplenic

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The ____ ligament attaches the spleen to the left kidney.

splenorenal

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The spleen is situated obliquely in the posterior and lateral portion of the _____ region under the 9th through 11th ribs.

left hypochondriac

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The long axis of the spleen runs parallel to:

10th rib

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the average size of spleen

12cm length
8 cm width
4 cm thick

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Splenic volume index =

LxWxH /27

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Normal splenic volume index ranges:

8-35

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The ____ is adjacent to the posterior, superior and lateral sides of the spleen.

diaphragm

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The spleen is bordered posteriorly by the ___

lung

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The ____ portion of the spleen is called the hilum where vessels and nerves enter and exit the organ

lower medial

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The ___ and ____ are anterior and medial to the spleen hilum

stomach
lesser sac

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The ____ is located medial and slightly inferior to spleen

left kidney

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The _____ is medial and inferior to the splenic hilum

splenic flexure of the colon

The ____ lies posterior to the stomach, medial to the splenic hilum

tail of the pancreas

anatomic variant of the spleen; inferior portion of the spleen is located posterolateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

retrorenal spleen

Largest branch of the celiac axis

splenic artery

The splenic artery is tortuous and courses superior and posterior to the ____ and _____ of the pancreas

body proximal tail

____ can course anterior to the tail of the pancreas in some patients

distal splenic artery

The splenic artery courses through the:

splenorenal ligament

The splenic artery supplies the ____, ___, and ____

spleen pancreas fundus of stomach

The splenic artery is a ___ resistance vessel

low

most tortuous artery in human body

splenic artery

The splenic artery branches into:

superior and inferior splenic arteries

The superior and inferior splenic arteries give rise to several _____

segmental arteries

The _____ arterial branches within the spleen do not connect or communicate with each other

intrasplenic

The lack of anastamoses in the intrasplenic arterial circulation eliminates the possibility of:

collateral formation when infarction occurs

The spleen is at a ____ risk of permanent damage and tissue death with an infarction than organs with the potential for collateral flow

greater

The splenic vein originates:

at the splenic hilum

The splenic vein courses posteroinferior to the pancreas ____ and ____

body tai

The splenic vein joins with the:

IMV

The splenic vein drains the ___, ___, ___

stomach spleen pancreas

The length of the splenic vein is best viewed in ____ view ____ position as a tubular structure

transverse subxiphoid

The splenic vein is useful landmark for finding:

splenic hilum

The splenic vein flow is ____ the liver and ___ the spleen

toward away from

The _____ courses posterior to the splenic vein

left renal cein

Splenic vein flows towards the:

liver

Renal vein flows towards the:

IVC

Normal diameter of splenic vein

5-10mm

The diameter of the splenic vein increases __-__% from quiet respiration to a held deep inspiration

50 100

A diameter increase in the splenic vein of <__% suggests portal hypertension

The spleen is the largest organ of the _____ system

reticuloendothelial

Blood cell production is primarily performed by the:

bone marrow

The spleen can be involved in hematopoeisis during _____, ____, and _____

fetal development normal immune responses pathological circumstances

Blood cell production that occurs outside the bone marrow

extramedullary hematopoeisis

Splenic tissue is composed of:

red pulp white pulp

Red pulp makes up __% of splenic tissue

venous sinuses filled with blood and cords of splenic tissue

red pulp

cords of splenic tissue are called:

cords of Billroth

White pulp makes up __% of white pulp

clusters of lymphatic tissue that form a sheath around the splenic artery and produce lymphocytes

white pukp

clusters of lymphatic tissue that form a sheath around the splenic artery are called

Malpigian corpuscles

red and white blood cell production

fetal hematopoeisis and adult lymphopeoises

The ____ is responsible for immune response, the defense mechanism of the body

white pulp

red pulp breaks down hemoglobin

phagocytosis

Red pulp breaks down ____

hemoglobin

stores large volume of blood

erthyrocyte storage

an overactive spleen that removes too many blood cells from circulation

hypersplenism

Hypersplenism causes a reduction in ____ with the removal of too many WBCs

infection response

occurs when blood doesn't have enough oxygen carrying RBCs

anemia

Hypersplenism results in ____

splenomegaly

Causes of splenomegaly include ___, ___, ____, and ____

cirrhosis tuberculosis Gaucher disease lymphoma

underperforming spleen

hyposplenism

Hyposplenism is caused by ____ and ____

sickle cell anemia celiac disease

Functions of the spleen

blood filtration blood production blood destruction blood storage storage of iron

RES system removes various organisms from blood as it passes through splenic venous sinusoids

blood filtration function of spleen

The RES system removes various organisms from blood as it passes through splenic ____

venous sinusoids

glucocytes and plasma cells are produced

blood production function of spleen

The spleen produces ___ and ____

glucocytes plasma cells

venous sinusoids are lined with macrophage cells that breakdown old RBC and platelets to release hemoglobin

blood destruction function of spleen

cells that breakdown old RBC and platelets to release hemoglobin

macrophage cells

Hemoglobin from the red blood cells is passed to the liver for:

storage and bile production

main storehouse of blood

spleen

__/__ total blood in body can be stored in the spleen

1/6

Where is iron stored?

spleen

White bloods cells control ___ and prevent ____

antibodies infection

increased levels of white blood cells

leukocytosis

Leukocytosis indicates ____

infection

Leukocytosis can also occur with ___, ____, and ____

hemorrhage malignancy pregnancy

decreased levels of white blood cells

leukopenia

Decreased levels of white blood cells usually indicate ____

acute viral infections

Leukopenia can also be related to ___, _____, _____, ____, ____, and ____

chemotherapy radiation therapy lupus erythematosus HIV/AIDS myelofibrosis aplastic anemia

carry oxygen throughout the body

red blood cells

decreased levels of red blood cells

anemia

anemia can indicate ____ or ____

excessive destruction of red blood cells decreased production

increased levels of red blood cells

polycythemia

Increased levels of red blood cells can indicate:

failure of the RES system

decreased levels of platelets

thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia can indicate:

internal hemorrhage