URR 6

Question 1

Harmonic imaging produces:
a. increased penetration but degraded resolution
b. decreased penetration but improved resolution
c. increased penetration with improved resolution
d. decreased penetration with degraded resolution d. increased

Answer 1

c

Question 2

Axial resolution refers to:
a. the ability to resolve two structures that are perpendicular to the US beam
b. the ability to differentiate two structures with differing echogenicity
c. the ability to detect an object has moved over time
d. the ability to resolve two structures that are parallel to the US beam

Answer 2

d

Question 3

Lateral resolution refers to:
a. the ability to resolve two structures that are perpendicular to the US beam
b. the ability to differentiate two structures with differing echogenicity
c. the ability to detect an object has moved over time
d. the ability to resolve two structures that are parallel to the US beam

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Contrast resolution refers to:
a. the ability to resolve two structures that are perpendicular to the US beam
b. the ability to differentiate two structures with differing echogenicity
c. the ability to detect an object has moved over time
d. the ability to resolve two structures that are parallel to the US beam

Answer 4

b

Question 5

Adjusting dynamic range changes:
a. the brightness of the reflections displayed on the screen
b. the size of the image sector
c. the number of shades displayed on the image
d. the location of the focal zone

Answer 5

c

Question 6

What structures in the abdomen are used to establish proper gain settings for an ultrasound exam?
a. liver and spleen
b. pancreas and spleen
c. liver and kidney
d. IVC and gallbladder

Answer 6

d

Question 7

What setting should be turned off when evaluating a suspected renal calculi?
a. spatial compounding
b. harmonic imaging
c. focal zone
d. all of the above

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Which of the following would be used to demonstrate both thyroid lobes on a single image?
a. panoramic view
b. dual screen
c. trapezoidal view
d. all the above

Answer 8

d

Question 9

Overestimating the angle between the cursor and the blood flow will result in:
a. underestimated velocities
b. lower Doppler shift detected
c. overestimated velocities
d. absence of flow displayed on the image

Answer 9

c

Question 10

Underestimating the angle between the cursor and the blood flow will result in:
a. underestimated velocities
b. higher Doppler shift detected
c. overestimated velocities
d. absence of flow displayed on the image

Answer 10

a

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding color Doppler system controls?
a. a smaller color sample size is preferred
b. lower persistence settings for venous evaluations
c. lower wall filter settings prevent artifactual color display
d. lower priority settings are preferred for slower blood flow

Answer 11

a

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding color Doppler system controls?
a. a larger color packet size is preferred
b. higher persistence settings for slow moving flow
c. lower wall filter settings prevent artifactual color display
d. lower priority settings are preferred for slower blood flow

Answer 12

b

Question 13

Which of the following is preferred for evaluating slow flow in a vessel?
a. a smaller color sample size is preferred
b. higher persistence and priority settings
c. higher wall filter settings prevent artifactual color display
d. all of the above

Answer 13

d

Question 14

What is the biggest disadvantage of PW Doppler compared to CW Doppler?
a. PW Doppler requires two elements
b. PW Doppler is limited by the Nyquist limit
c. PW Doppler cannot distinguish a stenosis from an occlusion
d. PW Doppler cannot demonstrate a spectral window

Answer 14

b

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding PW Doppler system controls?
a. sample volumes should be kept above 4mm for all exams
b. lower wall filter settings are needed for high velocity flow
c. faster sweep speeds are used for more accurate tracing of waveforms
d. lower scale settings are preferred for higher velocity flow

Answer 15

c

Question 16

What is the most common reason for missing a stenosis in an artery?
a. patient has hypotension
b. evaluating a vein instead of an artery
c. Using PW doppler instead of CW doppler
d. Doppler sample in the wrong location

Answer 16

d

Question 17

caused by non specular reflections from rough surfaces

Answer 17

noise/speckle

Question 18

More speckle is seen with ____ frequency transducers

Answer 18

lower

Question 19

Typically associated with liver, spleen, kidney, and thyroid parenchyma and certain muscle tissues

Answer 19

noise/speckle

Question 20

____ causes wave interference, resulting in a “speckled” appearance

Answer 20

Scattering

Question 21

weak, off axis portions of the beam; seen with single PE element

Answer 21

side lobes

Question 22

weak, off axis portions of the beam; seen with an element array

Answer 22

grating lobes

Question 23

commonly leads to the formation of an overlying structure laterally and/or general clutter within the main beam

Answer 23

grating lobes

Question 24

When the weak, off axis portions of the beam encounter a strong reflector, the reflected energy may become part of the main beam

Answer 24

grating lobes

Question 25

caused by the repeated reflection of ultrasound back and forth between two closely spaced interfaces

Answer 25

reverberation/ ring down

Question 26

appears as multiple echogenic lines spaced an equal distance apart

Answer 26

reverberation/ ring down

Question 27

type of resonance (reverberation) artifact

Answer 27

ring down artifact

Question 28

occurs with a gas/tissue interface

Answer 28

ring down artifact

Question 29

a vertical streak of parallel lines projecting posterior to interface

Answer 29

ring down artifact

Question 30

Series of echoes caused by small multiple reflections from a highly reflective object

Answer 30

comet tail artifact

Question 31

Froms a single long hyperechoic artifact

Answer 31

comet tail artifact

Question 32

The greater the acoustic layer mismatch, the greater the like of _____ formation

Answer 32

comet tail

Question 33

Commonly seen with cholesterol polyps of GB, also seen with gunshot and pellets

Answer 33

comet tail artifact

Question 34

Anechoic structures allow sound to be transmitted through and there is increased reflection from structures posteriorly

Answer 34

posterior enhancement

Question 35

caused by sound refraction due to GI tract/air. Type of ring down artifact

Answer 35

dirty shadowing

Question 36

caused by sound reflection due to highly attenuating structure

Answer 36

clean shadowing

Question 37

echogenic structure reflects majority of sound, no sound in transmitted posteriorly

Answer 37

posterior shadowing

Question 38

difference in speed of sound between the two types of breast tissues causes a difference in received reflection information regarding needle location.

Answer 38

speed error

Question 39

propagation speed artifact that causes the appearance of a bent needle

Answer 39

bayonet artifact

Question 40

caused by variation in tissue densities that the needle penetrates

Answer 40

bayonet artifact

Question 41

created as sound reflects off of a strong reflector; appears as a second copy of the structure deeper on the image

Answer 41

mirror image

Question 42

also referred to as refractive shadowing

Answer 42

edge shadowing/defocusing

Question 43

commonly seen in transverse views of blood vessels, cysts, and testicular exams

Answer 43

edge shadowing/defocusing

Question 44

caused by a reduction of reflected echoes by bending of the sound waves that touch the margin of a round boundary

Answer 44

edge shadowing/defocusing

Question 45

Shallow depth = ____ PRF

Answer 45

high

Question 46

Shallow reflectors reflect sound energy that arrives at the transducer before the rest of the pulse finishes transmitting

Answer 46

range ambiguity

Question 47

causes "confusion" on echo placement in near field

Answer 47

range ambiguity

Question 48

_____ of the beam between two dissimilar media can cause a structure to appear more lateral than the actual structure

Answer 48

refraction

Question 49

aka slice thickness or beam width artifact

Answer 49

volume averaging

Question 50

affects the evaluation of superficial lesions

Answer 50

volume averaging

Question 51

Slice thickness or beam width artifact can be reduced by using:

Answer 51

standoff pad

Question 52

Falsely hypoechoic areas of tendon

Answer 52

anisotropy artifact

Question 53

occurs when transducer is not completely parallel to the tendon

Answer 53

anisotropy artifact

Question 54

reduced by rocking the transducer to make the face of the transducer more parallel to the tendon

Answer 54

anisotropy artifact

Question 55

Curved tendons can be straightened by:

Answer 55

muscular contraction

Question 56

If a PE element is not functioning:

Answer 56

data will be missing from the image

Question 57

A ___, _____, or ____ array transducer will demonstrate the area of no reflected info as a vertical black stripe; can also affect ability to focus/steer beam

Answer 57

linear sector vector

Question 58

An ____ array transducer will demonstrate an anechoic horizontal arc of missing date if probe is damaged

Answer 58

annular

Question 59

A ____ array transducer will demonstrate a vertical line of missing data along the radius of the curve if damaged

Answer 59

curved

Question 60

Being unable to steep the color sample box in both directions is a sign of:

Answer 60

element damage

Question 61

Transducer elements should be evaluated for ____, _____, _____, and _____

Answer 61

integrity sensitivity capacitance intermittent failures

Question 62

misrepresentation of the Doppler signal due to PRF limitations, exceeding the Nyquist limit

Answer 62

aliasing

Question 63

causes waveform to "wrap around" from to to bottom of baseline

Answer 63

aliasing

Question 64

maximum frequency that can be displayed is:

Answer 64

1/2 PRF

Question 65

maximum frequency that can be displayed is 1/2 PRF

Answer 65

Nyquist limit

Question 65

Frequency or PRF unit for Nyquist limit

Answer 65

kHz

Question 66

There is no Nyquist limited on CW Doppler because:

Answer 66

it is not pulsed, therefore there is no PRF

Question 67

Increase ____ to solve aliasing

Answer 67

scale or PRF

Question 68

aka clutter

Answer 68

Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Question 69

caused by low color scale settings

Answer 69

Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Question 70

Color displayed from motion of anatomic structures

Answer 70

Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Question 71

Increase ____ and reduce _____ to decrease effects of Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Answer 71

color scale color gain

Question 72

Increase ____ or ____ settings to solve Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Answer 72

rejection wall filter

Question 73

Reduce ____ or ____ settings to solve Color Doppler Flash Artifact

Answer 73

color persistence threshold

Question 74

mosaic linear streak of color displayed from a very dense, echogenic structure

Answer 74

twinkel artifact

Question 75

Helpful to evaluate the presence of calculi in kidneys and ureter

Answer 75

twinkle artifact

Question 76

Color obscures the gray scale display of soft plaque because the resolution of color Doppler is lower than the gray scale

Answer 76

Blooming/Blossoming

Question 77

displays artifactual echoes displayed around a waveform shape

Answer 77

blossoming

Question 78

caused by over-gaining and can lead to overestimation of peak velocity

Answer 78

blossoming

Question 79

mirror image of the Doppler signal

Answer 79

Crosstalk

Question 80

Crosstalk is caused by:

Answer 80

over use of Doppler gain

Question 81

can be caused by evaluation of vessels close a strongly reflective structure such as bone or trachea

Answer 81

crosstalk

Question 82

Which of the following is an artifact caused by gas-tissue interface? a. ring down b. mirror image c. speckle d. shadowing

Answer 82

a

Question 83

What acoustic artifact is associated with adenomyomatosis? a. mirror image b. speckle c. comet tail d. enhancement

Answer 83

c

Question 84

A simple renal cyst causes _____ and a renal stone causes ____ a. clutter, twinkle artifact b. enhancement, shadowing c. shadowing, ring down d. comet tail, ring down

Answer 84

b

Question 85

Which of the following results in a copy of a structure displayed deeper on the image? a. ring down b. mirror image c. enhancement d. clutter

Answer 85

b

Question 86

US imaging of which of the following will result in edge shadowing? a. testicles b. simple cyst c. transverse view of carotid artery d. all of the above

Answer 86

d

Question 87

Which of the following results in a copy of a structure displayed laterally on the image? a. ring down b. mirror image c. enhancement d. refraction

Answer 87

d

Question 88

Anisotropy artifacts are seen on the evaluation of: a. the liver b. the spleen c. tendons d. fat lobules

Answer 88

c

Question 88

How can you differentiate element damage from posterior shadowing when using a linear transducer? a. identify where the shadowing begins b. use color Doppler c. evaluate the area of interest in multiple planes d. turn on harmonic imaging

Answer 88

a

Question 88

How is aliasing artifact corrected? a. raise the baseline b. lower the Doppler scale c. Increase the transducer frequency d. switch to CW Doppler

Answer 88

d

Question 89

What causes clutter artifact? a. low velocity scale settings b. high rejection settings c. low color priority settings d. high wall filter settings

Answer 89

a

Question 90

Blossoming of the spectral Doppler waveform can cause: a. overestimation of the PSV b. Underestimation of the PSV c. an increase in the spectral window size d. flow to be displayed incorrectly below the baseline

Answer 90

a

Question 91

Cardiac function = decreased function = ____ flow

Answer 91

decreased

Question 92

stiffer or more calcific vessels = higher resistance flow

Answer 92

vessel compliance

Question 93

more muscular patient = less compliant vessels = higher resistance flow

Answer 93

tone of vascular musculature

Question 94

thickness of blood

Answer 94

viscosity

Question 95

Increased thickness of blood = ____ flow

Answer 95

decreased

Question 96

concentric layers each with a slight difference in velocity

Answer 96

laminar flow

Question 97

____ layers of blood vessels with laminar flow have the highest velocity

Answer 97

Center