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ARRT abdomen 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Serous microcystic cystadenoma

A

benign

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2
Q

Mucinous macrocystic cystadenoma

A

malignant

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3
Q

Since cystadenomas are not in the head, they are not usually associated with _____

A

biliary obstruction

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4
Q

Clinical symptoms of cystadenoma

A

weight loos
pain

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5
Q

Sonographic appearance of cystadenoma

A

cystic or multilocular cystic mass

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6
Q

pancreatic endocrine tumor

A

islet cell tumor

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7
Q

more common pancreatic endocrine tumor with symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

insulinoma

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8
Q

pancreatic endocrine tumor that may produce Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, too much stomach acid leading to peptic/stomach ulcers

A

gastrinomas

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9
Q

Gastrinomas may produces ______

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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10
Q

Pancreatic cysts are associated with other conditions like ____ and ____

A

von-Hippel lindau
renal cystic diseases

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11
Q

Pancreatic transplants happen in patients with:

A

severe Type 1 diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Most common pancreatic transplant

A

donor duodenum is attached to recipient jejunum

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13
Q

The transplanted pancreas is usually place in the ____.

A

RUQ

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14
Q

Exocrine bladder drainage in pancreatic transplant

A

donor duodenum attached to recipient urinary bladder

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15
Q

Signs of rejection of transplanted pancreas

A

increased RI in artery

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16
Q

The spleen in ___peritoneal

A

intra

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17
Q

Hematologic with functions in ____ and ____

A

reticuloendothelial
lymphatic

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18
Q

The lymphatic function of the spleen is for:

A

filtering, cleaning, and producing blood

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19
Q

Lymphatic function uses ___ pulp.

A

white

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20
Q

The white pulp produces:

A

lymphocytes

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21
Q

Phagocytic function uses ___ pulp.

A

red

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22
Q

The phagocytic function:

A

destroys the bad

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23
Q

Phagocytic function uses ____ and ____

A

culling
pitting

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24
Q

removes irregular cells “cutting out”

A

culling

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25
Q

cleans RBC’s of unwanted materials “polishing”

A

pitting

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26
Q

Arises from the celiac trunk

A

splenic artery

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27
Q

The splenic artery travels ___ to the body/tail of the pancreas

A

superior

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28
Q

The splenic vein travels ____ to the body/tail of the pancreas

A

posterior

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29
Q

The splenic vein drains into the ___

A

portal vein

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30
Q

The _____ ligament attaches the stomach to the spleen

A

gastrosplenic

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31
Q

The gastrosplenic ligament attaches the ____ to the ____.

A

stomach
spleen

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32
Q

The ____ ligament attaches the the left kidney to the spleen

A

splenorenal

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33
Q

The splenorenal ligament attaches the ____ to the ____

A

left kidney
spleen

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34
Q

Most common variant of the spleen

A

accessory spleen

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35
Q

Other names for accessory spleen

A

splenocalculus
splenule
supernumerary

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36
Q

The accessory spleen is most likely located in the ____

A

hilum

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37
Q

multiple spleens/right-sided spleen

A

polysplenia

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38
Q

no spleen

A

asplenia

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39
Q

“acquired”, ectopic transplanted splenic tissue caused by splenic rupture

A

splenosis

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40
Q

Acute infections or hemolytic disorders of the spleen initially cause:

A

splenomegaly

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41
Q

most common abnormality of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

42
Q

Splenomegaly is the most common cause of:

A

portal hypertension

43
Q

Causes of splenomegaly (6)

A

HIV
hepatitis
Epstein-Barr
blood cancers
pediatric sickle cell anemia

44
Q

the spleen should measures less than ____ in length

45
Q

The spleen should measure less than ___ in width

46
Q

Splenomegaly causes spleen to lose its ____ shape

47
Q

Splenomegaly extends beyond:

A

inferior pole of left kidney

48
Q

tissue depth because deprived of oxygen

A

infarction

49
Q

Splenic infarction may be caused by ____, _____, or ____.

A

infection
cancer
torsion

50
Q

Clinical symptoms of splenic infarction

51
Q

Sonographic appearance of splenic infarction

A

hypoechoic, wedge shaped

52
Q

diffuse small hyperechoic foci throughout spleen, damage to spleen from other infections

A

granulomatous disease of the spleen

53
Q

Granulamatous disease seen in patients with _____, _____, and ____

A

histoplasmosis
tuberculosis
sarcoidosis

54
Q

Causes of splenic trauma include ____, ____, ____, and ____.

A

hemorrhage
hematoma
rupture
laceration

55
Q

Hemorrhage around the spleen, under the capsule; like “free fluid with debris”; spleen will be intact

A

subcapsular hemorrhage

56
Q

hemorrhage within the spleen, altered splenic texture, may be more focal inside of spleen

A

intraparenchymal hemorrhage

57
Q

Clinical symptoms of splenic trauma

A

history of trauma
decreased hematocrit
pain

58
Q

Sonographic symptoms of splenic trauma

A

anechoic to echogenic; chronic (old) hematomas may show calcifications

59
Q

Most common benign tumor

A

hemangioma

60
Q

acute infection that is focal

61
Q

Most common primary cancer of the spleen

A

angiosarcoma

62
Q

Most common cancer of the spleen

63
Q

Lymphoma associated with Reed-Sternberg cells, curable

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

64
Q

More common lymphoma, less curable

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

65
Q

clinical symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

LUQ pain
fever
weight loss

66
Q

Sonographic appearance of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

may be diffuse, splenomegaly or focal masses

67
Q

In pediatrics, splenomegaly is most often caused by:

A

Epstein-Barr virus

68
Q

The kidney is a ____peritoneal organ

69
Q

3 main functions of kidneys

A

detoxify and filter
balance pH
blood pressure

70
Q

Fibrous covering of the kidney

A

Gerota fascia

71
Q

The Gerota fascia covers the ____ and ____

A

kidney
adrenal gland

72
Q

Two main components of kidney to filter and then produce urine

A

parenchyma
sinus

73
Q

The renal parenchyma consists of ____ and ____ (pyramids)

A

cortex
medulla

74
Q

Functional unit of the kidney

75
Q

collecting system to remove urine

76
Q

7 parts in order that bring blood to the parenchyma

A

renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
nephron
pyramid

77
Q

The ____ and ___ drain urine

A

calices
pelvis

78
Q

How does the urine flow through the collecting system?

A

minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureteropelvic junction
ureter
ureterovesicular junction
bladder

79
Q

The ____ forms the outer rim of the kidney

80
Q

Normal thickness of the cortex

81
Q

The _____ is made of pyramids.

82
Q

The _____ divide the medullary pyramids

A

columns of Bertin

83
Q

The ____ is hyperechoic due to fat content in the kidney

84
Q

most common variant of the kidneys

A

duplicated collecting system

85
Q

2 renal sinuses divided by septum of cortex

A

duplicated collecting system

86
Q

bulge on lateral border of left kidney

A

dromedary hump

87
Q

double layer of cortical column indenting into sinus

A

hypertrophic column of Bertin

88
Q

Hyperechoic wedge shape along outer cortex of kidney

A

junctional parenchymal defect

89
Q

Failure of kidney to rise to renal fossa

A

ectopic kidney

90
Q

An ectopic kidney is most likely be found in the:

91
Q

fusion of lower poles of kidneys

A

horseshoe kidneys

92
Q

In horseshoe kidneys, the isthmus will cross ____ to the aorta

93
Q

renal pelvis located outside of the hilum; may mimic hydronephosis

A

extrarenal pelvis

94
Q

Duplicated collecting system may cause _____ in the lower moeity.

A

hydronephrosis

95
Q

Hydronephrosis caused by duplicated collecting system is due to:

A

ectopic ureter at UVJ

96
Q

increased fat in sinus; kidney may look bigger than normal

A

sinus lipomatosis

97
Q

“makes up” for what’s not there, unilateral conditions or anytime only one normal functioning kidney, normal kidney becomes enlarged

A

compensatory hypertrophy

98
Q

functional part of kidney

A

parenchyma

99
Q

series of tubes that assist in draining urine

A

collecting system

100
Q

Compromised renal function, tumors/cysts, and infections are associated with what part of the kidney?

A

parenchyma

ARDMS (25 decks)

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